Neural and Cognitive Predictors of Stimulant Treatment Efficacy in Medication-Naïve ADHD Adults: A Pilot Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study.

Objective: Stimulant medications are the main treatment for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), but overall treatment efficacy in adults has less than a 60% response rate. This study aimed to identify neural and cognitive markers predictive of longitudinal improvement in response to stimulant treatment in drug-naïve adults with ADHD.

Method: We used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and executive function measures with 36 drug-naïve adult ADHD patients in a prospective study design.

Distinct and shared white matter abnormalities when ADHD is comorbid with ASD: A preliminary diffusion tensor imaging study.

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a common neurodevelopmental disorder, is the most frequent comorbid condition seen in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This high comorbidity between ADHD and ASD worsens symptom manifestations and complicates disease treatment and prognosis. It remains unclear whether individuals suffering with both ADHD and ASD, compared to individuals with ADHD only, share overlapping neural correlates associated with ADHD neuropathology, or exhibit a distinct neuropathological profile.

Memory retrieval brain-behavior disconnection in mild traumatic brain injury: A magnetoencephalography and diffusion tensor imaging study.

Mild traumatic brain (mTBI) injury is often associated with long-term cognitive and behavioral complications, including an increased risk of memory impairment. Current research challenges include a lack of cross-modal convergence regarding the underlying neural-behavioral mechanisms of mTBI, which hinders therapeutics and outcome management for this frequently under-treated and vulnerable population. We used multi-modality imaging methods including magnetoencephalography (MEG) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to investigate brain-behavior impairment in mTBI related to working memory.

Estimating tumor mutational burden from RNA-sequencing without a matched-normal sample.

Detection of somatic mutations using patients sequencing data has many clinical applications, including the identification of cancer driver genes, detection of mutational signatures, and estimation of tumor mutational burden (TMB). We have previously developed a tool for detection of somatic mutations using tumor RNA and a matched-normal DNA. Here, we further extend it to detect somatic mutations from RNA sequencing data without a matched-normal sample.

Metformin and antihypertensive therapy with drugs blocking the renin angiotensin system, a cause of concern?

Background: The burden of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is increasing worldwide. The combination of DM2 and hypertension (HT) is frequently encountered. Concurrent use of drugs blocking the renin angiotensin system (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)) and metformin have become frequent in this group of patients.

Serum concentrations of protease inhibitors as predictors of HIV-related clinical events in patients on antiretroviral therapy.

Serum concentrations of protease inhibitors (PIs) show large interindividual variations. It is not clear what clinical impact these differences in drug concentrations might have. In this study we explored the association between serum concentration of protease inhibitors and HIV-related disease.

Clinical vs. laboratory identification of drugs of abuse in patients admitted for acute poisoning.

Objective: The extent of drug abuse in patients admitted for self-poisonings is uncertain. The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of drugs of abuse among patients admitted for acute poisoning according to age and gender, and to study the concordance between the clinical assessments by the physicians on duty and the drug analyses.

Methods: Prospective cross sectional study of all patients (n = 405, 52% males, median age 31 years) treated for acute poisoning in our department during one year (2001).

Fomepizole may change indication for hemodialysis in methanol poisoning: prospective study in seven cases.

Background: Treatment of methanol poisoning includes administration of buffer, antidote and hemodialysis. The role of hemodialysis using the new antidote fomepizole has not been studied. We studied the kinetics of methanol and formate during hemodialysis, and the possibility for delayed hemodialysis in the methanol poisoned patients without severe metabolic acidosis or visual disturbances.

Methanol outbreak in Norway 2002-2004: epidemiology, clinical features and prognostic signs.

Objectives: Knowledge on methanol poisoning does mainly come from clinical studies. We therefore report epidemiological, clinical and prognostic features from the large methanol outbreak in Norway in 2002-2004 where the new antidote fomepizole was the primary antidote in use.

Design And Subjects: Combined prospective and retrospective case series study of 51 hospitalized patients who were confirmed poisoned with methanol, of whom nine died.

Carisoprodol intoxications and serotonergic features.

The symptoms and signs of carisoprodol intoxications do not resemble those caused by its metabolite meprobamate. Meprobamate most probably produces its effects through the GABAergic neurotransmitter system. The signs and symptoms of carisoprodol intoxications, however, are not easily explained by interaction with this neurotransmitter system.

Anion and osmolal gaps in the diagnosis of methanol poisoning: clinical study in 28 patients.

Objective: To evaluate anion and osmolal gaps as diagnostic tools in methanol poisoning.

Design And Setting: Clinical observational study.

Patients And Methods: In a recent methanol outbreak, the initial triage and treatment decisions in 28 patients were based mainly upon the values of the osmolal and anion gaps on admission.

A new isosorbide dinitrate extended-release formulation: pharmacokinetic and clinical parameters in patients with stable angina pectoris.

In a double-blind, cross-over study the acute clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetic profile of a newly developed isosorbide dinitrate extended-release (ISDN-ER) formulation (10 mg immediate release and 60 mg slow release) were examined in eight angina patients. Exercise tests were done 1 h before and 1, 6 and 10 h after acute ISDN or placebo; similar testing was repeated after 14 days of open-labelled treatment. At 1, 6 and 10 h after administration, ISDN-ER significantly reduced the mean ST depression at highest comparable workload (HCWL) by 0.