Predicting defects in imbalanced data using resampling methods: an empirical investigation.

The development of correct and effective software defect prediction (SDP) models is one of the utmost needs of the software industry. Statistics of many defect-related open-source data sets depict the class imbalance problem in object-oriented projects. Models trained on imbalanced data leads to inaccurate future predictions owing to biased learning and ineffective defect prediction.

Clinical Evaluation of a New Point-of-Care System for Chemistry Panel Testing.

Background: GEM Premier ChemSTAT™ is a point-of-care (POC) system that measures Na, K, Ca, Cl, glucose, hematocrit, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), tCO pH, pCO, and lactate from a single whole blood specimen, providing rapid results in POC settings such as the emergency department (ED). Accurate measurements of creatinine in whole blood and reporting of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) can minimize adverse effects of contrast-induced nephropathy.

Methods: Heparinized whole blood specimens from the ED were analyzed on the ChemSTAT by POC staff.

DSG3 as a biomarker for the ultrasensitive detection of occult lymph node metastasis in oral cancer using nanostructured immunoarrays.

Objectives: The diagnosis of cervical lymph node metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients constitutes an essential requirement for clinical staging and treatment selection. However, clinical assessment by physical examination and different imaging modalities, as well as by histological examination of routine lymph node cryosections can miss micrometastases, while false positives may lead to unnecessary elective lymph node neck resections. Here, we explored the feasibility of developing a sensitive assay system for desmoglein 3 (DSG3) as a predictive biomarker for lymph node metastasis in HNSCC.

Ultrasensitive detection of cancer biomarkers in the clinic by use of a nanostructured microfluidic array.

Multiplexed biomarker protein detection holds unrealized promise for clinical cancer diagnostics due to lack of suitable measurement devices and lack of rigorously validated protein panels. Here we report an ultrasensitive electrochemical microfluidic array optimized to measure a four-protein panel of biomarker proteins, and we validate the protein panel for accurate oral cancer diagnostics. Unprecedented ultralow detection into the 5-50 fg·mL(-1) range was achieved for simultaneous measurement of proteins interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and VEGF-C in diluted serum.

Sequential layer analysis of protein immunosensors based on single wall carbon nanotube forests.

Electrochemical immunosensors using vertically aligned single wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) forests can provide ultrasensitive, accurate cancer biomarker protein assays. Herein we report a systematic investigation of the structure, thickness, and functionality of each layer of these immunosensors using atomic force microscopy (AFM), quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and scanning white light interferometry (SWLI). This provides a detailed picture of the surface morphology of each layer along with surface concentration and thickness of each protein layer.

Electrochemical immunosensors for antibodies to peanut allergen ara h2 using gold nanoparticle-peptide films.

Life-threatening allergies to peanuts and tree nuts can be revealed by detecting antibodies (IgEs) to their allergens in patient serum. Herein, we compare several immunosensor-like methodologies for sensitive detection of antibodies to a peptide sequence from the major peanut allergen, Arachis hypogaea 2 (Ara h2). The sensors feature a synthetic peptide layer of the major IgE-binding epitope from Ara h2 attached to a dense gold nanoparticle (AuNP) film on a pyrolytic graphite (PG) electrode.

Ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor for oral cancer biomarker IL-6 using carbon nanotube forest electrodes and multilabel amplification.

Squamous cell carcinomas of head and neck (HNSCC) are associated with immune, inflammatory, and angiogenic responses involving interleukin-6 (IL-6). This article reports an ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor for human IL-6 and proof-of-concept studies of IL-6 detection in HNSCC cells. Single wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) forests with attached capture antibodies (Ab(1)) for IL-6 were used in an electrochemical sandwich immunoassay protocol using enzyme label horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to measure very low ( View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Electrochemical Immunosensors for Interleukin-6. Comparison of Carbon Nanotube Forest and Gold Nanoparticle platforms.

Electrochemical immunosensors based on single wall nanotube (SWNT) forests and 5 nm glutathione-protected gold nanoparticles (GSH-AuNP) were developed and compared for the measurement of human cancer biomarker interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum. Detection was based on sandwich immunoassays using multiple (14-16) horseradish peroxidase labels conjugated to a secondary antibody. Performance was optimized by effective blocking of non-specific binding (NSB) of the labels using bovine serum albumin.

Single-wall carbon nanotube forest arrays for immunoelectrochemical measurement of four protein biomarkers for prostate cancer.

Protein arrays that measure multiple protein cancer biomarkers in clinical samples hold great promise for reliable early cancer detection. Herein, we report a prototype 4-unit electrochemical immunoarray based on single-wall carbon nanotube forests for the simultaneous detection of multiple protein biomarkers for prostate cancer. Immunoarray procedures were designed to measure prostate specific antigen (PSA), prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), platelet factor-4 (PF-4), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) simultaneously in a single serum sample.