Correction to: Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Bone Metastases: Incidence, Prognostic Significance, and Management-Single-Center Experience.

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake in the Author group section. Author first names and family names were interchanged.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Bone Metastases: Incidence, Prognostic Significance, and Management-Single-Center Experience.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with rising incidence in the USA. Bone metastases with HCC, in particular, have an extremely poor prognosis. We present prevalence, treatment, and survival of patients with bone and more specifically spinal metastases from HCC.

Multiple Myeloma Presenting as Acute Liver Failure.

Liver failure is rarely caused by multiple myeloma (MM). We present an unusual case of MM initially presenting as acute liver injury. A 79-year-old man with new-onset fatigue, decreased appetite, and no history of liver disease was found to have evidence of hepatic decompensation.

Contact urticaria: present scenario.

Immunological contact urticaria is a hypersensitivity reaction that appears on the skin following contact with an eliciting substance. Recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanism and pathogenesis of this reaction have altered its classification, diagnosis, and treatment. We discuss classification, epidemiology, diagnosis, testing, and treatment options that are available to patients with contact urticaria.

Brain-targeted delivery of Tempol-loaded nanoparticles for neurological disorders.

Brain-targeted Tempol-loaded poly-(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) conjugated with a transferrin antibody (OX 26) were developed using the nanoprecipitation method. These NPs may have utility in treating neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. Central to these diseases is an increased production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species which may take part in the development of these conditions.

Exenatide therapy in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with insulin.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of exenatide on clinical parameters in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus whose hyperglycemia is not adequately controlled despite treatment with oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin.

Methods: In this retrospective analysis, clinical progress of 52 obese patients with type 2 diabetes treated with exenatide, 5 mcg twice daily, in an outpatient setting was reviewed. Treatment initiation was between September and December 2005.

Angiotensin receptor blockers in congestive heart failure: evidence, concerns, and controversies.

Heart failure results in neurohormonal activation of which the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS) is the main mediator. Activation of this system leads to the production of angiotensin II (ATII), which leads to multiple adverse short-term and long-term effects, including hemodynamic dysfunction, renal dysfunction, inflammation, and cardiac remodeling. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) exert favorable effects in congestive heart failure (CHF) by inhibiting the production of ATII.

Association of poor glycemic control with prolonged hospital stay in patients with diabetes admitted with exacerbation of congestive heart failure.

Objective: To establish a relationship between the control of blood glucose levels and the severity of congestive heart failure (CHF) in a retrospective review of medical records of patients with diabetes admitted with acute exacerbation of CHF and to assess the potential correlation between the number of days of hospitalization and the baseline and in-hospital glycemic status.

Methods: Medical records were reviewed to identify patients with diabetes admitted to a tertiary care center with exacerbation of CHF. Patients in whom any new complications developed that could have prolonged the hospitalization were excluded from the study.

Imaging of the vulnerable plaque: new modalities.

Atherosclerosis is currently considered to be an inflammatory and thus a systemic disease affecting multiple arterial beds. Recent advances in intravascular imaging have shown multiple sites of atherosclerotic changes in coronary arterial wall. Traditionally, angiography has been used to detect and characterize atherosclerotic plaque in coronary arteries, but recently it has been found that plaques that are not significantly stenotic on angiography cause acute myocardial infarction.