Regulation and Clinical Application of Exosomes in Venous Thrombosis.

Exosomes refer to a group of extracellular vesicles naturally released from mammalian cells with a diameter of 30-150 nm. Exosomes contain a variety of biologically active molecules, such as cytoplasmic proteins, chemokines, cytokines, and microRNA (miRNA). They are widely involved in intercellular communication and regulate the behavior of recipient cells.