Decreasing Length of Stay for Simple Gastroschisis: Analysis of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP).

Background: Gastroschisis (GS) is the most common abdominal defect in infants, yet lack of consensus has led to variations in its management and outcomes. Length of stay (LOS) is an important measure of surgical quality and efficiency in GS infants. LOS depends on clinical and patient-related factors such as simple (sGS) or complex (cGS), type of surgery, associated complications, and factors such as the use of standardized care protocols.

Protocol of the Nutritional, Psychosocial, and Environmental Determinants of Neurodevelopment and Child Mental Health (COINCIDE) study.

Background: Over 250 million children are developing sub-optimally due to their exposure to early life adversities. While previous studies have examined the effects of nutritional status, psychosocial adversities, and environmental pollutants on children's outcomes, little is known about their interaction and cumulative effects.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the independent, interaction, and cumulative effects of nutritional, psychosocial, and environmental factors on children's cognitive development and mental health in urban and rural India.

Health effects of selected environmental Exposomes Across the Life courSe in Indian populations using longitudinal cohort studies: GEOHealth HEALS Study protocol.

Introduction: Air pollution presents a major public health threat to India, affecting more than three quarters of the country's population. In the current project, GEOHealth Health Effects of Selected Environmental Exposomes Across the Life CourSe-India, we aim to study the effect of environmental exposomes-fine particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO), ozone (O) and extremes of temperature-on multiple health outcomes using a modified life course approach. The associated training grant aims to build capacity in India to address the unique environmental health problems.

Metabolic emergencies in the NICU.

Metabolic emergencies in neonates can present with nonspecific signs and symptoms. Sudden acute deterioration in a neonate should prompt consideration of metabolic disease. Common metabolic emergencies in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) include hypoglycemia, hyperammonemia, hyperbilirubinemia, metabolic acidosis, adrenal insufficiency, and electrolyte imbalances.

Prospective Study on Kidney Dysfunction Markers and Risk for Mortality among South Asians.

Introduction: Associations between markers of impaired kidney function and adverse outcomes among South Asians is understudied and could differ from existing data derived mostly from North American or European cohorts.

Methods: We conducted a prospective analysis of 9797 participants from the ongoing cardiometabolic risk reduction study in South Asia, India. We examined the associations between baseline spot urine albumin-to-creatinine (UACR) ratio and creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) estimating equations with all-cause mortality using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusting for baseline age, sex, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, tobacco, history of cardiovascular disease, and cholesterol.

ER calcium depletion as a key driver for impaired ER-to-mitochondria calcium transfer and mitochondrial dysfunction in Wolfram syndrome.

Wolfram syndrome is a rare genetic disease caused by mutations in the WFS1 or CISD2 gene. A primary defect in Wolfram syndrome involves poor ER Ca handling, but how this disturbance leads to the disease is not known. The current study, performed in primary neurons, the most affected and disease-relevant cells, involving both Wolfram syndrome genes, explains how the disturbed ER Ca handling compromises mitochondrial function and affects neuronal health.

Enhancing Magnetic Hyperthermia Efficacy through Targeted Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibition: Unveiling Immune-Mediated Therapeutic Synergy in Glioma Treatment.

The induction of heat stress response (HSR) mediated by the generation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) on exposure to magnetic hyperthermia-mediated cancer therapy (MHCT) decreases the efficacy of localized heat treatment at the tumor site, and thus therapy remains a significant challenge. Hence, the present study examined differential HSR elicited in glioma cells post-MHCT under different tumor microenvironment conditions (2D monolayers, 3D monoculture, and coculture spheroids) to recognize target genes that, when downregulated, could enhance the therapeutic effect of MHCT. Gene expression analysis following MHCT revealed that HSP90 was upregulated as compared to HSP70.

Effect of Yoga-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Program on Endothelial Function, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammatory Markers in Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of yoga-based cardiac rehabilitation (Yoga-CaRe) on the endothelial system, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods: A sub-study was conducted in two clinical sites of the Yoga-CaRe trial (a multicenter randomized controlled trial). Participants with acute MI were randomized and allocated to either the Yoga-CaRe program (13 sessions with encouragement to home practice) or enhanced standard care (three educational sessions).

Establishing Apolipoprotein-B and non-high-density-lipoprotein-C goals in Indian population: A Cross-sectional study.

Background: Defining lipid goals solely on low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in Indian population may cause misclassification due to high prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and small dense LDL-C particles. International guidelines now recommend Apoliporotein-B (Apo-B) and non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels as alternative targets. In this study, we used a cross-sectional representative population database to determine Apo-B and non-HDL-C cut-offs corresponding to identified LDL-C targets and compared them to international guidelines.

Longitudinal associations between ambient PM exposure and lipid levels in two Indian cities.

Background: Exposure to ambient PM is known to affect lipid metabolism through systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Evidence from developing countries, such as India with high levels of ambient PM and distinct lipid profiles, is sparse.

Methods: Longitudinal nonlinear mixed-effects analysis was conducted on >10,000 participants of Centre for cArdiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia (CARRS) cohort in Chennai and Delhi, India.

Evaluation of genetic variants related to lipid levels among the North Indian population.

A heavy burden of cardiometabolic conditions on low- and middle-income countries like India that are rapidly undergoing urbanization remains unaddressed. Indians are known to have high levels of triglycerides and low levels of HDL-C along with moderately higher levels of LDL-C. The genome-wide findings from Western populations need to be validated in an Indian context for a better understanding of the underlying etiology of dyslipidemia in India.

Association of pro-inflammatory cytokines, adipokines and hepatokine with incident diabetes in India: a nested case-control study within CARRS cohort.

Aims: To study the association of pro-inflammatory markers with incident diabetes in India.

Methods: We did a nested case-control study within the CARRS (Centre for Ardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia) cohort. Of the 5739 diabetes-free individuals at the baseline, 216 participants with incident diabetes and 432 age-, gender- and city-matched controls at 2-year follow-up were included.

Call to action: prioritizing delivery room care for neonates with critical congenital heart disease.

Managing high-risk newborns with critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) in the delivery room is a unique challenge, characterized by complex physiology, heightened urgency, the coordinated efforts of multiple medical teams, and depending on the facility, the infrequent occurrence of such cases. Currently, there is a lack of unified guidance for resuscitation of these newborns in the delivery room. In this commentary, we advocate for an integrated approach involving maternal-fetal medicine specialists, fetal cardiologists, neonatologists, and cardiac intensivists.

A polyoxomolybdate-based hybrid nano capsule as an antineoplastic agent.

Polyoxometalates (POMs) are versatile anionic clusters which have attracted a lot of attention in biomedical investigations. To counteract the increasing resistance effect of cancer cells and the high toxicity of chemotherapeutic treatments, POM-based metallodrugs can be strategically synthesized by adjusting the stereochemical and physicochemical features of POMs. In the present report a polyoxomolybdate (POMo) based organic-inorganic hybrid solid (CHN)(CHN)[MoO]·3HO, solid 1, has been synthesized and its antitumoral activities have been investigated against three cancer cell lines namely, A549 (Lung cancer), HepG2 (Liver cancer), and MCF-7 (Breast cancer) with IC50 values 56.

Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation in Lactating Women Increases Breast Milk and Erythrocyte Membrane Docosahexaenoic Acid Concentrations and Alters Infant n-6:n-3 Fatty Acid Ratio.

Background: Low concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or high n-6 (ω-6):n-3 ratio in pregnant women is associated with poor fetal growth velocity and suboptimal neurodevelopment. However, there is a lack of data on levels of important n-6 and n-3 fatty acids (FAs) at different time points during pregnancy and lactation from India. Data on how much DHA is transferred during actual supplementation are also scarce.

Optimized extraction and analysis methods using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for zearalenone and metabolites in human placental tissue.

Zearalenone and its metabolites, a group of endocrine disrupting mycotoxins, have been linked to adverse reproductive health effects. They cross the placental barrier, potentially reaching the fetus. In this study, we adapted and optimized our protocol previously used for urine, to measure these mycotoxins in human placentas.

Multicentre study protocol comparing standard NRP to deveLoped Educational Modules for Resuscitation of Neonates in the Delivery Room with Congenital Heart Disease (LEARN-CHD).

Introduction: Infants born with critical congenital heart defects (CCHDs) have unique transitional pathophysiology that often requires special resuscitation and management considerations in the delivery room (DR). While much is known about neonatal resuscitation of infants with CCHDs, current neonatal resuscitation guidelines such as the neonatal resuscitation programme (NRP) do not include algorithm modifications or education specific to CCHDs. The implementation of CCHD specific neonatal resuscitation education is further hampered by the large number of healthcare providers (HCPs) that need to be reached.

Transmigration of magnetite nanoparticles across the blood-brain barrier in a rodent model: influence of external and alternating magnetic fields.

Despite advances in neurology, drug delivery to the central nervous system is considered a challenge due to the presence of the blood brain barrier (BBB). In this study, the role of magnetic hyperthermia induced by exposure of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to an alternating magnetic field (AMF) in synergy with an external magnetic field (EMF) was investigated to transiently increase the permeability of the MNPs across the BBB. A dual magnetic targeting approach was employed by first dragging the MNPs by an EMF for an intended enhanced cellular association with the brain endothelial cells and then activating the MNPs by an AMF for the temporary disruption of the tight junctions of BBB.

Therapeutic landscape of advanced HER2-positive breast cancer in 2022.

HER2-positive breast cancer is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with five-year survival rates of 30% for the advanced stage. The development of anti-HER2 treatments has led to a paradigm shift in the management and clinical outcomes of advanced HER2-positive breast cancer patients. The standard first-line treatment consists of taxane-based chemotherapy plus dual anti-HER2 therapies with trastuzumab and pertuzumab.

Correction: Cardiovascular Health in India - a Report Card from Three Urban and Rural Surveys of 22,144 Adults.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.5334/gh.1137.

Cardiovascular Health in India - a Report Card from Three Urban and Rural Surveys of 22,144 Adults.

Background: Markers of ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) predict cardiovascular events. We estimated the prevalence of ideal CVH markers in two levels of cities and villages in India.

Methods: We did pooled analysis of individual-level data from three cross sectional surveys of adults ≥ 30 years over 2010-14 (CARRS: Centre for cArdiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia; UDAY and Solan Surveillance Study) representing metropolitan cities; smaller cities and rural areas in diverse locations of India.

Tailoring nanoparticles design for enhanced heating efficiency and improved magneto-chemo therapy for glioblastoma.

Development of multifunctional magnetic nanomaterials (MNPs) with improved heat-generating capabilities and effective combination with localized chemotherapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic regime for solid tumors like glioblastoma. In this regard, the shape-dependent hyperthermic and chemo-therapeutic potential of nanomaterials, has not been extensively explored. Here we present, development of various morphological designs of MNPs including spherical, clusters, rods and cubic; to compare the effect of shape on tuning the properties of MNPs that are relevant to many potential biomedical applications like drug delivery, cellular uptake and heat generation.