Neuroimaging and serum biomarkers of neurodegeneration and neuroplasticity in Parkinson's disease patients treated by intermittent theta-burst stimulation over the bilateral primary motor area: a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled, crossover trial study.

Background And Objectives: Intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) is a patterned form of excitatory transcranial magnetic stimulation that has yielded encouraging results as an adjunctive therapeutic option to alleviate the emergence of clinical deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Although it has been demonstrated that iTBS influences dopamine-dependent corticostriatal plasticity, little research has examined the neurobiological mechanisms underlying iTBS-induced clinical enhancement. Here, our primary goal is to verify whether iTBS bilaterally delivered over the primary motor cortex (M1) is effective as an add-on treatment at reducing scores for both motor functional impairment and nonmotor symptoms in PD.

[Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis as a form of presentation of anorectal melanoma].

We report a case of anorectal melanoma, whose first manifestation was a carcinomatous meningitis. The anorectal melanoma is a rare tumor of great malignity which represents 1-3 per cent of melanomas and 0.5 per cent of anorectal tumors.