Platelet-associated IgG in pediatric HIV infection.

Hematologic abnormalities, including thrombocytopenia, are seen in HIV infection. We have previously reported elevated platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG) in thrombocytopenia in children associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In this study we prospectively monitored 40 HIV-infected infants and children to determine the significance of elevated PAIgG levels as they relate to thrombocytopenia.

Endocrine function in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

We sought to determine if failure to thrive in pediatric patients with the human immunodeficiency virus could be explained based on endocrine dysfunction. Fourteen human immunodeficiency virus-infected pediatric patients, all of whom had adequate nutritional status, underwent endocrine evaluation. Growth hormone and cortisol responses to glucagon stimulation were adequate.

Correlation of serum antigen and antibody concentration with clinical features in HIV infection.

Serum antigen and antibody values were studied in 164 infants and children infected perinatally with HIV. HIV antigens p17, p24, gp41, and gp120 were determined in sera by immunoblot and antigen capture assays. Lymphocyte blast transformation, serum immunoglobulins, and circulating immune complexes were also evaluated.

Meningioma presenting at a site of a previously aspirated brain abscess.

We report the case of a meningioma which developed in the parieto-occipital lobe at the site where a brain abscess had been aspirated 9 years previously. There was no history of head trauma. To the best of our knowledge this is the first reported case of a meningioma associated and possibly aetiologically related to a previous inflammatory process in the absence of head trauma.

Spinal cord blood flow in the rat under normal physiological conditions.

Regional spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) was measured in a group of rats under conditions of normothermia, normocarbia, normoxia, and normal blood pressure, using the hydrogen clearance technique. Regional SCBF in the cervical white matter was 26.8 +/- 1 (SE) ml/100 g/min and in the cervical gray matter 53.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) circulating immune complexes in infected children.

Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were studied for the presence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antigens (HIV-Ag) in 55 children infected by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). CIC were elevated in 85% of patients. In 33 of 55 patients CIC included at least one HIV-Ag (HIV-Ag-CIC).

Effects of congenital HIV infection on neurodevelopmental status of babies in foster care.

High rates of neurological complications related to congenital HIV infection have been reported, but often it has been difficult to delineate those clinical impairments specifically related to viral infection of the developing nervous system. The present study attempted to hold causative environmental factors constant by comparing the neurodevelopmental and growth status of two matched control groups of infants in foster care, one HIV seronegative and one seropositive. All were over the age of 15 months and had been born to seropositive mothers.

Beta-2-microglobulin concentrations in pediatric human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Serum concentrations of beta-2-microglobulin (B2-M) were correlated with disease outcome in 40 children infected by the human immunodeficiency virus. Serum B2-M serum concentrations below 3.0 mg/100 ml or decreasing concentrations were indicative of a stable disease course but were also noted preterminally in lymphopenic children.

Pregnancy outcomes among mothers infected with human immunodeficiency virus and uninfected control subjects.

Between June 26, 1985, and Feb. 24, 1989, 101 seropositive pregnant women and 129 seronegative pregnant women from the same prenatal clinics in Brooklyn and the Bronx were recruited into a prospective study of human immunodeficiency virus infection in pregnant women and their offspring. This report details the course of pregnancy and short-term neonatal outcomes of 91 seropositive women and 126 seronegative women who gave birth during the study period.

Immune complexes in pediatric human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were analyzed in a cohort of 30 children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Elevated CIC were detected by the C1q assay in 70% (21/30) of all patients and by the Raji cell assay in 93% (28/30) of all patients. While only less than one third of patients with elevated CIC had free serum antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus, 80% (16/20) of them had detectable antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus associated with CIC.

Detection of HIV in fetal central nervous system tissue.

Neurological disease is a common finding in children with AIDS and in others without signs of disease but with evidence of congenital HIV-1 infection. To investigate the possibility that HIV-1 can infect fetal central nervous system (CNS) tissue and therefore possibly serve as the substrate for the abnormal neurodevelopment characteristic of pediatric AIDS, eight abortus CNS samples (one set of twins) from seven HIV-1-seropositive intravenous drug users (IVDUs) and eight control abortus CNS samples from eight HIV-1-seronegative IVDUs were analyzed for HIV-1 infection. HIV-1 nucleic acid was detected only after the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in three of eight CNS samples from HIV-seropositive IVDUs but not in samples from seronegative subjects.

Microbially controlled drug delivery to the colon.

The human gastrointestinal tract consists of a highly complex ecosystem of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms that plays a significant role in the metabolism of nutrients as well as drugs. In the colon, bacteria ferment various types of substrates that are not susceptible to digestion in the small intestine. This arouses interest in specific drugs, drug delivery systems, and prodrugs that escape small bowel digestion, arrive intact, and are absorbed or degraded in the large bowel.

A clinical evaluation of nuclear estrogen receptors combined with cytosolic estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer.

Breast cancer tissue from 95 women was simultaneously assayed for three receptors: cytosolic estrogen (CER), cytosolic progesterone (CPR), and nuclear estrogen (NER). The main objective was to determine whether the addition of NER assay to the currently accepted practice with only CER and CPR could improve the predictive capacity of receptors. Forty-two patients were studied for response to hormone therapy and 95 patients were studied for survival; the median follow-up period was 73 months (range, 8 to 300 months).

Vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus is correlated with the absence of high-affinity/avidity maternal antibodies to the gp120 principal neutralizing domain.

Many, but not all, infants born to mothers infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are infected in utero. We have now shown that mothers who have high-affinity/avidity antibodies directed toward the principal neutralizing domain (PND) of gp120 are less likely to transmit HIV to their children. An ELISA that preferentially measures the level of the biologically functioning, high-affinity/avidity antibodies against PND is described.

Solid-phase anti-CD3 antibody activation of murine tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.

Seventeen consecutive s.c. murine tumors, derived from a sarcoma and a colon adenocarcinoma, were cultured in the presence of recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2) for growth of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL).

Lipid profile in trained subjects undergoing complete food deprivation combined with prolonged intermittent exercise.

Sixteen male subjects [18-21 years, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) = 59.2 ml.kg-1.

Human immunodeficiency virus within the brains of children with AIDS.

Infants and children with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection frequently develop neurologic disease with symptoms and signs of acquired microcephaly, developmental delays, encephalopathy, pyramidal tract signs, and less often, movement disorders and ataxia. However, clinical courses vary and, based upon progression of neurologic findings, we have classified them into 2 broad categories; progressive (loss of previously acquired language and cognitive skills) and plateau (failure to acquire additional developmental skills). We have used immunocytochemistry to localize HIV within the brains of neurologically involved children with AIDS.

Hematologic manifestations in pediatric HIV infection: severe anemia as a prognostic factor.

The hematologic profile of 100 symptomatic children infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was evaluated and compared to HIV uninfected infants with transplacentally acquired maternal anti-HIV antibodies, and to HIV-negative infants born to i.v. drug-abusing HIV uninfected mothers.