Differentiated response of Hypericum perforatum to foliar application of selected metabolic modulators: Elicitation potential of chitosan, selenium, and salicylic acid mediated by redox imbalance.

Plants plastically alter their metabolism in response to environmental stimuli, which induces changes in the accumulation of specialized metabolites. This ability can be utilized to manipulate plant phytochemistry in a desired direction. However, the abundance of secondary metabolites in the different plant species, especially medicinal, is enormous; therefore, it is difficult to establish a clear direction for the effects of metabolic modulators on phytochemical composition, especially given the possibility of using different types thereof.

The effect of sulphur supplementation on cadmium phytotoxicity in wheat and lettuce: changes in physiochemical properties of roots and accumulation of phytochelatins.

Intensive sulphur fertilisation has been reported to improve the nutrient balance and growth of Cd-exposed plants, but the reasons of this phenomenon and the role of sulphur compounds in the resistance to cadmium are unclear. We investigated sulphur supplementation-induced changes in the surface properties of roots and the level of thiol peptides (PCs) in Cd-stressed Triticum aestivum L. (monocots clade) and Lactuca sativa L.

The Variation of Selected Physiological Parameters in Elm Leaves ( Huds.) Infested by Gall Inducing Aphids.

Three aphid species, (L.), (Koch) and (L.) induce distinct gall morphotypes on Huds.

Morphological and Physiological Features during In Vitro Rooting and Ex Vitro Acclimatization Depending on the Types of Auxin and Substrate.

To obtain healthy and good quality plants from in vitro cultivation, it is necessary to produce plantlets with well-developed rooting systems because they must undergo acclimatization, a final and a very difficult stage of micropropagation. In the present research, the effect of auxins NAA, IAA and IBA in concentrations of 0.5; 1; 2.

Eliciting effect of foliar application of chitosan lactate on the phytochemical properties of Ocimum basilicum L. and Melissa officinalis L.

An increase in the content of secondary metabolites in herbal plants is desirable due to their therapeutic and nutraceutical properties. Therefore, the effects of foliar spray of 100 mg/L or 500 mg/L of chitosan lactate (ChL) on the accumulation of selected phenolics and physiological parameters of basil and lemon balm were investigated. In basil, the concentration of rosmarinic acid (RA) increased after application of 100 mg/L of ChL.

Effect of (L.) galls on physiological and biochemical response of leaves.

Gall formation is associated with multiple changes in plant cells, which still requires a better understanding. In this study, galls caused by sexual generation (♀♂) of Neuroterus quercusbaccarum (L.) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on pedunculate oak trees (Quercus robur L.

Selenium biofortification enhances the growth and alters the physiological response of lamb's lettuce grown under high temperature stress.

We examined the possibility to enhance the growth and the physiological tolerance of lamb's lettuce (Valerianella locusta L.) grown under heat stress (HS) by biofortification with selenium (Se). The plants were grown at optimal (22/19 °C; day/night) or high (35/22 °C; day/night) temperature and Se was applied via foliar or soil treatment.

Tetraneura ulmi (Hemiptera: Eriosomatinae) Induces Oxidative Stress and Alters Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Elm Leaves.

Gall formation is induced by an insect, which changes normal plant development and results in the formation of a new organ, following distinct stages of metabolic and developmental alterations. Research on mechanisms of recognition and responses to biotic stress may help to understand the interactions between galling aphids and their host plants. In this study, Tetraneura ulmi L.

Physiological Response of Pedunculate Oak Trees to Gall-Inducing Cynipidae.

Gall-inducing Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) manipulate the leaves of their host plants and induce local resistance, resulting in a diversity of physiological changes. In this study, three gall morphotypes caused by the asexual generation of Cynips quercusfolii L., Neuroterus numismalis (Fourc.

Physiological Response of Orchids to Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Infestation.

The harmfulness of mealybugs resulting from sucking plant sap, secreting honeydew, and transmitting plant viruses can give them the status of serious pests. This study documents the influence of Pseudococcus maritimus (Ehrhorn) and Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti) infestation on alterations in selected physiological parameters of Phalaenopsis x hybridum 'Innocence'. The condition of the cytoplasmic membranes was expressed as the value of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances.

The effect of mealybug Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti) infestation of different density on physiological responses of Phalaenopsis × hybridum 'Innocence'.

Cultivated orchids are the most abundantly attacked by polyphagous mealybugs. This study documented how different density of mealybug Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti) infestation is associated with a response of antioxidative systems of Phalaenopsis × hybridum 'Innocence'. The degree of cell damage, estimated by electrolyte leakage measurement and the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), the content of pigments as well as the activity of antioxidative enzymes and proline level, as measurements of stress and stress compensation in moth orchid were examined.