Publications by authors named "Rubino I"

The global tuberculosis (TB) epidemic affected 10 million people and caused 1.3 million deaths in 2022 alone. Multidrug-resistant TB is successfully treated in less than 60% of cases by long, expensive and aggressive treatments.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • - Ongoing assessment in postapproval studies for Alzheimer's disease aims to track disease progression and evaluate the effectiveness and safety of treatments in real-world scenarios.
  • - The study faces challenges due to differences in data collection methods across various centers and the diversity of patients compared to those in clinical trials.
  • - Key design elements for these studies include specifying aims and objectives, identifying study populations, and establishing consistent methods for measuring cognition, function, safety, and quality of life.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) shows variability in how patients respond to amyloid beta removal therapy, impacting individual treatment benefits.
  • A study utilized random forest models on the EMERGE trial to create an individual-level treatment response (ITR) score, highlighting significant differences in treatment effects among patients.
  • Findings revealed that the top 25% of responders had distinct characteristics, such as lower hippocampal volume and more advanced disease, suggesting that precision medicine approaches could enhance future AD research and treatment strategies.*
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Introduction: Whether the reduction in brain amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque alone may substantially slow cognitive and functional decline in patients with dementia or mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains debated.

Methods: An instrumental variable meta-analysis was performed to infer the effect of change in positron emission tomography (PET)-measured Aβ standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) on cognitive and functional decline.

Results: Pooling data from 16 randomized trials demonstrates that each 0.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a very common infection often localized in the mucocutaneous junction of the lip. Rarely, it could be detected also in periodontal tissues, associated with an elevated risk of periodontal disease progression and gingival recessions. Recently, HSV-1 and numerous co-infections have been reported in literature associated with the Coronavirus and subsequent COVID-19 disease.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) are side effects noted in Alzheimer's disease treatments using anti-amyloid beta therapies, affecting drugs like aducanumab and lecanemab.
  • *The exact cause of ARIA is unknown, but it's thought to involve antibody interactions with accumulated amyloid beta in the brain, leading to issues like swelling and leakage from blood vessels.
  • *While ARIA is mostly temporary and may not show symptoms, monitoring is essential, and treatment may need to be paused based on radiographic findings, with regular checks recommended for safety.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) substantially increases health-related costs. This study investigates direct medical costs and characterizes the caregiver burden across AD stages.

Methods: This study analyzed data from the French Primary Health Insurance Fund claims database and reflected this public payer perspective.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Introduction: There has been a recent rise in public perception that vaccines are unsafe, fostering vaccine hesitancy (VH). Few interventions have focused on teaching medical students' communication skills for counseling vaccine-hesitant patients.

Methods: Our educational intervention, designed for medical students, involved a self-study module followed by an interactive session on VH.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has greatly modified outpatient follow-ups. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the organizational modalities and clinical effects of rearrangements of pacemaker (PM) and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) outpatient visits performed in our centers at Ravenna and Lugo Hospitals, Italy, during the pandemic outbreak in 2020.

Methods: All scheduled in-person device follow-up visits in March-December 2020 have been considered.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive, irreversible neurodegenerative disease impacting cognition, function, and behavior. Alzheimer's disease progresses along a continuum from preclinical disease, to mild cognitive and/or behavioral impairment and then Alzheimer's disease dementia. Recently, clinicians have been encouraged to diagnose Alzheimer's earlier, before patients have progressed to Alzheimer's disease dementia.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

As COVID-19 exemplifies, respiratory diseases transmitted through aerosols or droplets are global threats to public health, and respiratory protection measures are essential first lines of infection prevention and control. However, common face masks are single use and can cause cross-infection due to the accumulated infectious pathogens. We developed salt-based formulations to coat membrane fibers to fabricate antimicrobial filters.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease that creates complex challenges and a significant burden for patients and caregivers. Although underlying pathological changes due to AD may be detected in research studies decades prior to symptom onset, many patients in the early stages of AD remain undiagnosed in clinical practice. Increasing evidence points to the importance of an early and accurate AD diagnosis to optimize outcomes for patients and their families, yet many barriers remain along the diagnostic journey.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Respiratory protection is key in infection prevention of airborne diseases, as highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic for instance. Conventional technologies have several drawbacks (i.e.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: The What Matters Most (WMM) study was initiated to evaluate symptoms, AD-related impacts, treatment-related needs, preferences, and priorities among individuals with or at risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their care partners. The objective of this qualitative study phase was to identify a comprehensive set of concepts of interest that are meaningful to individuals across the AD continuum.

Methods: Interviews were conducted with 60 clinically referred individuals and care partners across 5 AD stages (n = 12 each): group 1 (non-clinically impaired individuals with AD pathology), group 2 (individuals with mild cognitive impairment and AD pathology), group 3 (individuals with mild AD), group 4 (individuals with moderate AD and their care partners), and group 5 (care partners of individuals with severe AD).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract illness in infants, young children and the elderly. However, there is no licensed vaccine available against RSV infection. In this study, we generated virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine and investigated the vaccine efficacy in a mouse model.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

This review is devoted to discussing the application of microfabrication technologies to target challenges encountered in life processes by the development of drug delivery systems. Recently, microfabrication has been largely applied to solve health and pharmaceutical science issues. In particular, fabrication methods along with compatible materials have been successfully designed to produce multifunctional, highly effective drug delivery systems.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Respiratory protection against airborne pathogens is crucial for pandemic/epidemic preparedness in the context of personal protection, healthcare systems, and governance. We expect that the development of technologies that overcome the existing challenges in current respiratory protective devices will lead to a timely and effective response to the next outbreak.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) microneme protein 8 (MIC8) represents a novel, functional distinct invasion factor. In this study, we generated virus-like particles (VLPs) targeting Toxoplasma gondii MIC8 for the first time, and investigated the protection against highly virulent RH strain of T.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Aerosolized pathogens are a leading cause of respiratory infection and transmission. Currently used protective measures pose potential risk of primary/secondary infection and transmission. Here, we report the development of a universal, reusable virus deactivation system by functionalization of the main fibrous filtration unit of surgical mask with sodium chloride salt.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

In recent years there has been a growing interest in the use of multimedia mobile guides in museum environments. Mobile devices have the capabilities to detect the user context and to provide pieces of information suitable to help visitors discover and follow the logical and emotional connections that develop during the visit. In this scenario, location based services (LBS) currently represent an asset, and the choice of the technology to determine users' position, combined with the definition of methods that can effectively convey information, become key issues in the design process.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

An under-recognised U-shaped model states that unconscious and conscious perceptual effects are functionally exclusive and that unconscious perceptual effects manifest themselves only at the objective detection threshold, when conscious perception is completely absent. We tested the U-shaped line model with a between-subjects paradigm. Angry, happy, neutral faces, or blank slides were flashed for 5.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Epidemiological and genetic data support the notion that schizophrenia and bipolar disorder share genetic risk factors. In our previous genome-wide association study, meta-analysis and follow-up (totaling as many as 18 206 cases and 42 536 controls), we identified four loci showing genome-wide significant association with schizophrenia. Here we consider a mixed schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (psychosis) phenotype (addition of 7469 bipolar disorder cases, 1535 schizophrenia cases, 333 other psychosis cases, 808 unaffected family members and 46 160 controls).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Abnormal brain connectivity has recently been reported in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). However, structural differences in the corpus callosum (CC), the primary structure connecting the two hemispheres, have not been extensively studied. In this case-control study, we recruited 30 patients with OCD and 30 healthy control subjects carefully matched for age, sex and handedness.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: The pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin (IL)-18 has been proposed to play a role in schizophrenia, since elevated circulating levels of its protein and altered frequencies of genetic variants in its molecular system are reported in schizophrenic patients.

Methods: We analyzed 77 patients with schizophrenia diagnosis (SCZ) and 77 healthy control subjects (HC) for serum concentration of both IL-18 and its natural inhibitor, the IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP).

Results: We confirmed that serum levels of total IL-18 are significantly increased in SCZ, as compared to HC.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF