Measurement error models with zero inflation and multiple sources of zeros, with applications to hard zeros.

We consider measurement error models for two variables observed repeatedly and subject to measurement error. One variable is continuous, while the other variable is a mixture of continuous and zero measurements. This second variable has two sources of zeros.

Stab-Resistant Performance of the Well-Engineered Soft Body Armor Materials Using Shear Thickening Fluid.

Stab-resistant body armor can effectively prevent sharp instruments from attacking the protected parts and reduce the threat to human bodies. Shear thickening fluid (STF) is a kind of smart material with variable viscosity and its viscosity can change significantly with external stimuli. The soft and adaptive characteristics of STF provide a new idea for improving the performance of stab-proof materials.

A Biomimetic Basalt Fiber/Epoxy Helical Composite Spring with Hierarchical Triple-Helix Structures Inspired by the Collagen Fibers in Compact Bone.

The lightweight property of helical composite spring (HCS) applied in the transportation field has attracted more and more attention recently. However, it is difficult to maintain stiffness and fatigue resistance at the same time. Herein, inspired by collagen fibers in bone, a bionic basalt fiber/epoxy resin helical composite spring is manufactured.

Single-Molecule Detection of Acetylcholine by Translating the Neuronal Signal to a Single Distinct Electronic Peak.

The bioelectric signal deriving from acetylcholine (ACh) plays an important role in regulating body function. Translating neuronal signals to electrical current peaks is a promising approach to achieve rapid detection of the bioelectric signal, but direct nanodevice-based single-molecule detection of the neurotransmitter is hampered by technology. Herein, we propose a neurotransmitter molecular nanogap device composed of atomically thin black phosphorus (BP) electrodes, which could rapidly distinguish the single distinct electronic peak of ACh at low positive bias from other central neurotransmitters.

Wetting state transition of a liquid gallium drop at the nanoscale.

Wetting state transition regulated by surface roughness has increasing importance for its wide applications. Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to study the wetting state transition induced by surface roughness in the gallium-carbon system. There is a transition from the Wenzel state to the Cassie state when the roughness is changed.

Moment reconstruction and moment-adjusted imputation when exposure is generated by a complex, nonlinear random effects modeling process.

For the classical, homoscedastic measurement error model, moment reconstruction (Freedman et al., 2004, 2008) and moment-adjusted imputation (Thomas et al., 2011) are appealing, computationally simple imputation-like methods for general model fitting.