Plasma Neurofilament Light Chain and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein as Biomarkers of Cognitive Decline in People Living with HIV.

Background: This study examined the relationship between neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and cognition in people living with HIV (PLWH) at baseline and over time.

Methods: Plasma and clinical data were available from PLWH aged ≥45 years with HIV RNA <200 copies/mL enrolled in the AIDS Clinical Trials Group HAILO cohort study. We measured plasma NfL and GFAP using a single molecule array platform.

Does cognitive intra-individual variability predict change in everyday functioning performance in women with and without HIV in the Women's Interagency HIV Study?

This study examined the association between cognitive intra-individual variability (IIV), a non-mean-based indicator of underlying neuropathology, and self-reported everyday functioning of 1,086 women with HIV (WWH) and 494 socio-demographically similar women without HIV (WWoH). Objective cognitive performance across seven domains and the self-rated Lawton & Brody scale of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) were assessed among participants of the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Two types of cognitive IIV were calculated by taking the standard deviation across seven cognitive domains to calculate dispersion: 1) intra-individual standard deviation (denoted as IIV) and 2) coefficient of variation (denoted as IIV).

Sex-specific associations between cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory biomarkers and cognition in antiretroviral-naïve people with HIV in rural Uganda.

Globally, people with HIV (PWH) experience a broad spectrum of cognitive impairment that can be noted both before and after initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Sex differences in immune function have been implicated in differential cognitive outcomes. Here, we report sex differences in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers in relation to cognitive performance in a subset of ART-naïve PWH participating in the Rakai Neurology Cohort Study.

The Effects of Prescribed Medications on Depressive Symptoms and Neurocognitive Performance in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).

Background: Alterations in brain function and structure, such as depression and neurocognitive impairment, continue to occur in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PWH) taking suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). The lifespan of PWH has improved but the healthspan remains worse than people without HIV, in part because of aging-related diseases. As a result, polypharmacy is common and increases the risk of drug-drug interactions and adverse reactions.

Trends in Total Hip Arthroplasty Length of Stay and Coding Status From 2018 to 2021: Two-Year Impact of the Removal From the Inpatient-Only List.

Background: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) was removed from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services inpatient-only (IPO) list on January 1, 2020. The impact of this policy changes on length of stay (LOS) and coding status (inpatient/outpatient) beyond 2020 remains to be fully defined.

Methods: Data were obtained from the 2018 to 2021 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database.

Continuous Adductor Canal Block Compared to Epidural Anesthesia for Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Aim: To compare the efficacy of a postoperative continuous adductor canal block (cACB) with and without a steroid adjuvant to that of epidural analgesia (EA).

Methods: Patients who underwent primary total TKA at a single institution between July 2011-November 2017 were included for retrospective analysis. TKA patients were stratified into one of the three analgesia approaches: EA, cACB without steroid adjuvant, and cACB with steroid adjuvant.

Ulcerative Colitis Patients Are at Increased Risk for Adverse Events Following Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Background: Patients who have the autoinflammatory bowel disease ulcerative colitis (UC) may become candidates for total hip arthroplasty (THA). Having UC may predispose patients to postoperative adverse events, but it remains unclear if these events are related more to the disease process itself or perhaps related to the medications used to treat the condition.

Methods: Patients undergoing THA were identified from a large administrative dataset.

Recurrent colonization with methicillin-susceptible after successful decolonization in a neonatal intensive care unit.

Recurrent methicillin-susceptible colonization following successful decolonization in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) has been observed. Of 17 recolonization events, 53% were due to concordant strains; 19 different types were identified. Results of this study support sources of re-acquisition both intrinsic and extrinsic to the NICU.

Imaging the translocator protein 18 kDa within cognitive control and declarative memory circuits in virally suppressed people with HIV.

Objectives: Virally suppressed people with HIV (VS-PWH) show heterogeneity in patterns of cognitive dysfunction. To better understand the relationship between the neuroimmune response and cognition, we used PET to image the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO). The study examined HIV-serostatus differences in TSPO as well as associations between regional TSPO and select cognitive processes defined using the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework.

90-Day Complication and Readmission Rates for Geriatric Patients With Hip Fracture at Different Time Points From COVID-19 Positivity: A Database Study.

Introduction: Geriatric patients with hip fracture are at risk of having COVID-19 while needing fracture treatment. Understanding the associated risks of variable timing of COVID-19 before surgery may help direct care algorithms.

Methods: Geriatric patients with documented hip fracture surgery were identified within the PearlDiver M157 database.

Intact HIV reservoir in monocytes is associated with cognitive function in virally suppressed women with HIV.

Background: Monocytes are susceptible to HIV infection, form HIV reservoirs, and contribute to central nervous system complications (e.g., cognitive impairment) in virally suppressed women with HIV(vsWWH).

Organoid culture promotes dedifferentiation of mouse myoblasts into stem cells capable of complete muscle regeneration.

Experimental cell therapies for skeletal muscle conditions have shown little success, primarily because they use committed myogenic progenitors rather than true muscle stem cells, known as satellite cells. Here we present a method to generate in vitro-derived satellite cells (idSCs) from skeletal muscle tissue. When transplanted in small numbers into mouse muscle, mouse idSCs fuse into myofibers, repopulate the satellite cell niche, self-renew, support multiple rounds of muscle regeneration and improve force production on par with freshly isolated satellite cells in damaged skeletal muscle.

Adverse health effects of exposure to plastic, microplastics and their additives: environmental, legal and policy implications for Israel.

Background: Israel is a regional "hotspot" of plastic pollution, with little discussion of potential adverse health effects from exposure to plastic. This review aims to stimulate discussion and drive policy by focusing on these adverse health effects.

Main Body: Plastics are synthetic polymers containing additives which can leach from food- and beverage-contact plastic into our food and beverages, and from plastic textiles onto our skin.

A BAYESIAN DECISION FRAMEWORK FOR OPTIMIZING SEQUENTIAL COMBINATION ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY IN PEOPLE WITH HIV.

Numerous adverse effects (e.g., depression) have been reported for combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) despite its remarkable success in viral suppression in people with HIV (PWH).

Risk stratification and treatment goals in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Risk stratification has gained an increasing role in predicting outcomes and guiding the treatment of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The most predictive prognostic factors are three noninvasive parameters (World Health Organization functional class, 6-min walk distance and natriuretic peptides) that are included in all currently validated risk stratification tools. However, suffering from limitations mainly related to reduced specificity of PAH severity, these variables may not always be adequate in isolation for guiding individualised treatment decisions.

The Seventh World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension: our journey to Barcelona.

https://bit.ly/4ePMZ6H

In-Patient Multimodal Intensive Neurorehabilitation and Care Improve Motor and Non-Motor Functions in the Moderately Advanced Stages of Parkinson's Disease: A Retrospective Study in a U.S. Facility.

(1) Background: Previous studies, mostly performed in European centers, have shown that in-patient multimodal intensive rehabilitation treatments lasting for two to four weeks can improve both motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) with long-lasting effects. Here, we ascertain the effects of a similar in-patient program in a U.S.

Emotional Loneliness Is Related to Objective Cognitive Function in Older People With HIV in the Washington-Baltimore Area: A Cross-sectional Study.

Loneliness confers a significant risk to numerous health outcomes, including cognitive impairment. This study assessed the relationship between loneliness subtypes (social and emotional) and cognition in older people with HIV (OPWH ≥ 50 years). Forty-two participants (STET = 61.

Hippocampal Availability of the α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor in Recent-Onset Psychosis.

Importance: Studies using human postmortem tissue and imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) support a low hippocampal availability of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) in psychotic conditions, particularly in schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (nonaffective psychosis). If validated further, the finding may have implications for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective: To test for lower availability of the α7-nAChR in the hippocampus of individuals with recent-onset psychosis compared with healthy control individuals and its association with lower cognitive performance or higher psychotic symptom burden within recent-onset psychosis.