Neuroimaging and social behavior in children after traumatic brain injury: findings from the Social Outcomes of Brain Injury in Kids (SOBIK) study.

Background: Neuroimaging studies identified either focal and/or non-specific frontotemporolimbic damage resulting from mild-complicated to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a subset of 12 children 8-12 years of age who were part of the Social Outcomes of Brain Injury in Kids (SOBIK) study. The influence of identifiable damage on social behavior was examined.

Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging was obtained on average 2.

The manifestation of cocaine-induced midline destructive lesion in bone tissue and its identification in human skeletal remains.

Cocaine-induced midline destructive lesion (CIMDL) is a condition that may arise in response to chronic insufflation ("snorting") of cocaine. It is clinically diagnosed when the nasal septum, lateral nasal walls, and/or hard palate show signs of destruction in association with cocaine use. Although its true incidence is unknown, CIMDL is not an uncommon clinical finding amongst intranasal cocaine abusers and is likely to be encountered by forensic anthropologists and medical examiners working worldwide.

Preference-for-solitude and adjustment difficulties in early and late adolescence.

Social withdrawal has been associated with adjustment difficulties across development. Although much is known about shyness, little is known about preference-for-solitude; even less is known about its relations with adjustment across different periods of adolescence. We examined whether preference-for-solitude might be differentially associated with adjustment difficulties in early and late adolescence.

Comparison of different screening tools (FRAX®, OST, ORAI, OSIRIS, SCORE and age alone) to identify women with increased risk of fracture. A population-based prospective study.

Purpose: To compare the power of FRAX® without bone mineral density (BMD) and simpler screening tools (OST, ORAI, OSIRIS, SCORE and age alone) in predicting fractures.

Methods: This study was a prospective, population-based study performed in Denmark comprising 3614 women aged 40-90 years, who returned a questionnaire concerning items on risk factors for osteoporosis. Fracture risk was calculated using the different screening tools (FRAX®, OST, ORAI, OSIRIS and SCORE) for each woman.

Best friends' discussions of social dilemmas.

Peer relationships, particularly friendships, have been theorized to contribute to how children and adolescents think about social and moral issues. The current study examined how young adolescent best friends (191 dyads; 53.4% female) reason together about multifaceted social dilemmas and how their reasoning is related to friendship quality.

Fracture risk prediction using phalangeal bone mineral density or FRAX(®)?-A Danish cohort study on men and women.

In this prospective study, we investigated the ability of Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX), phalangeal bone mineral density (BMD), and age alone to predict fractures using data from a Danish cohort study, Danish Health Examination Survey 2007-2008, including men (n = 5206) and women (n = 7552) aged 40-90 yr. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and by phalangeal BMD measurement. Information on incident and prevalent fractures, rheumatoid arthritis, and secondary osteoporosis was retrieved from the Danish National Patient Registry.

Risk assessment tools to identify women with increased risk of osteoporotic fracture: complexity or simplicity? A systematic review.

A huge number of risk assessment tools have been developed. Far from all have been validated in external studies, more of them have absence of methodological and transparent evidence, and few are integrated in national guidelines. Therefore, we performed a systematic review to provide an overview of existing valid and reliable risk assessment tools for prediction of osteoporotic fractures.

Peer relationships of children with traumatic brain injury.

This study examined peer relationships in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) relative to children with orthopedic injuries (OI), and explored whether differences in peer relationships correlated with white matter volumes. Classroom procedures were used to elicit peer perceptions of social behavior, acceptance, and friendships for eighty-seven 8- to 13-year-old children, 15 with severe TBI, 40 with complicated mild/moderate TBI, and 32 with OI. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) were used to investigate volumetric correlates of peer relationship measures.

Irony and empathy in children with traumatic brain injury.

Social communication involves influencing what other people think and feel about themselves. We use the term conative theory of mind (ToM) to refer to communicative interactions involving one person trying to influence the mental and emotional state of another, paradigmatic examples of which are irony and empathy. This study reports how children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) understand ironic criticism and empathic praise, on a task requiring them to identify speaker belief and intention for direct conative speech acts involving literal truth, and indirect speech acts involving either ironic criticism or empathic praise.

Cognitive, affective, and conative theory of mind (ToM) in children with traumatic brain injury.

We studied three forms of dyadic communication involving theory of mind (ToM) in 82 children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and 61 children with orthopedic injury (OI): Cognitive (concerned with false belief), Affective (concerned with expressing socially deceptive facial expressions), and Conative (concerned with influencing another's thoughts or feelings). We analyzed the pattern of brain lesions in the TBI group and conducted voxel-based morphometry for all participants in five large-scale functional brain networks, and related lesion and volumetric data to ToM outcomes. Children with TBI exhibited difficulty with Cognitive, Affective, and Conative ToM.

Neurosurgical practice and health care reform: moving toward quality-based health care delivery.

In an effort to rein in spending and improve patient outcomes, the US government and the private sector have adopted a number of policies over the last decade that hold health care professionals increasingly accountable for the cost and quality of the care they provide. A major driver of these efforts is the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA or Pub.L.

Emotional expression and socially modulated emotive communication in children with traumatic brain injury.

Facial emotion expresses feelings, but is also a vehicle for social communication. Using five basic emotions (happiness, sadness, fear, disgust, and anger) in a comprehension paradigm, we studied how facial expression reflects inner feelings (emotional expression) but may be socially modulated to communicate a different emotion from the inner feeling (emotive communication, a form of affective theory of mind). Participants were 8- to 12-year-old children with TBI (n = 78) and peers with orthopedic injuries (n = 56).

Phalangeal bone mineral density predicts incident fractures: a prospective cohort study on men and women--results from the Danish Health Examination Survey 2007–2008 (DANHES 2007–2008).

Unlabelled: This prospective study investigates the use of phalangeal bone mineral density (BMD) in predicting fractures in a cohort (15,542) who underwent a BMD scan. In both women and men, a decrease in BMD was associated with an increased risk of fracture when adjusted for age and prevalent fractures.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of a compact and portable scanner using radiographic absorptiometry (RA) to predict major osteoporotic fractures.

Peer Rejection as a Social Antecedent to Rejection Sensitivity in Youth: The Role of Relational Valuation.

Although much is known about the consequences of rejection sensitivity (RS), less is known about its social antecedents, particularly during development. Despite research demonstrating the role of peer rejection in the development and maintenance of problematic social schema like RS, little is known about why some youth are more susceptible to these negative consequences than others. We examined how relational valuation might moderate the effects of peer rejection on RS in a sample of 294 youth (138 boys) who made the transition from middle to high school.

Characteristics of patients who suffer major osteoporotic fractures despite adhering to alendronate treatment: a National Prescription registry study.

Unlabelled: Antiresorptive treatment reduces the risk of fractures, but most patients remain at elevated risk. We used health registers to identify predictors of new major osteoporotic fractures in patients adhering to alendronate. Risk factors showed a different pattern than in the general population and included dementia, ulcer disease, and Parkinson's disease.

Theory of mind in children with traumatic brain injury.

Theory of mind (ToM) involves thinking about mental states and intentions to understand what other people know and to predict how they will act. We studied ToM in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and age- and gender-matched children with orthopedic injuries (OI), using a new three-frame Jack and Jill cartoon task that measures intentional thinking separate from contingent task demands. In the key ToM trials, which required intentional thinking, Jack switched a black ball from one hat to another of a different color, but Jill did not witness the switch; in the otherwise identical non-ToM trials, the switch was witnessed.

Maternal over-control moderates the association between early childhood behavioral inhibition and adolescent social anxiety symptoms.

Behavioral inhibition (BI) and maternal over-control are early risk factors for later childhood internalizing problems, particularly social anxiety disorder (SAD). Consistently high BI across childhood appears to confer risk for the onset of SAD by adolescence. However, no prior studies have prospectively examined observed maternal over-control as a risk factor for adolescent social anxiety (SA) among children initially selected for BI.

Interleukin-1-mediated effects of normal oral keratinocytes and head and neck squamous carcinoma cells on extracellular matrix related gene expression in fibroblasts.

Objectives: The composition of tumor stroma and the activity of tumor associated fibroblasts are important for tumor growth. Interactions between carcinoma cells and fibroblasts regulate the turnover of extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, the in vitro effects of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells (UT-SCC-30 and UT-SCC-87) on fibroblast expression of genes for ECM components and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2), were compared to those of normal oral keratinocytes (NOK).

Side effects in melanoma patients receiving adjuvant interferon alfa-2b therapy: a nurse's perspective.

Purpose: The aim of this review was to examine the toxicity profile of adjuvant interferon (IFN) alfa-2b in melanoma patients from a nursing perspective and to summarize practical information to guide the effective management of common IFN toxicities to improve patient comfort.

Methods: This is a narrative summary of both research and review articles identified by searching PubMed, National Cancer Institute, and American Cancer Society websites. It also assesses recognized guidelines on the management of adjuvant IFN toxicity relevant to nurses who are caring for patients receiving adjuvant IFN therapy.

Increased fibrosis and interstitial fluid pressure in two different types of syngeneic murine carcinoma grown in integrin β3-subunit deficient mice.

Stroma properties affect carcinoma physiology and direct malignant cell development. Here we present data showing that α(V)β(3) expressed by stromal cells is involved in the control of interstitial fluid pressure (IFP), extracellular volume (ECV) and collagen scaffold architecture in experimental murine carcinoma. IFP was elevated and ECV lowered in syngeneic CT26 colon and LM3 mammary carcinomas grown in integrin β(3)-deficient compared to wild-type BALB/c mice.

Managing immune-related adverse events to ipilimumab: a nurse's guide.

Ipilimumab is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved novel T-cell potentiator that improves survival in metastatic melanoma.

Parent and peer links to trajectories of anxious withdrawal from grades 5 to 8.

Individual differences in trajectories of anxious withdrawal were examined from Grades 5 to 8 across the transition to middle school in a community sample (N = 283), using General Growth Mixture Modeling. Three distinct pathways of anxious withdrawal were identified: low-stable (78%), high-decreasing (12%), and high-increasing (10%). In Grade 6, relative to the low-stable class, greater peer exclusion and more free time spent with mother predicted membership in the high-decreasing class; higher peer exclusion predicted membership in the high-increasing class.

2012 update on meaningful use of electronic health records: recommendations from the AAO-HNS Medical Informatics Committee.

In 2011, the US federal government implemented an oversight program to encourage the adoption and meaningful use of electronic health records (EHRs). Otolaryngologists may receive as much as $44,000 under Medicare or $63,750 under Medicaid as part of this law. To receive this full benefit, otolaryngologists must acquire a certified EHR and demonstrate stage 1 meaningful use requirements by the end of 2012.

Cultural competency assessment tool for hospitals: evaluating hospitals' adherence to the culturally and linguistically appropriate services standards.

Background: The U.S. national standards for culturally and linguistically appropriate services (CLAS) in health care provide guidelines on policies and practices aimed at developing culturally competent systems of care.

Deletion and duplication of 11p13-11p14: reciprocal aberrations derived from a paternal insertion.

More than 100 cases of deletions that span 11p13-11p14 resulting in WAGR syndrome have been reported in the literature. In contrast, reports of duplications spanning this region are extremely rare. We here report on a deletion of 11p13-11p14 identified in a neonate with severe congenital anomalies including genitourinary abnormalities and aniridia, and the reciprocal duplication identified in his healthy older sibling.