Tapinarof cream 1% once daily was well tolerated in adults and children with atopic dermatitis in two phase 3 randomized trials.

Tapinarof cream 1% once daily (QD) demonstrated significant efficacy in patients down to age 2 years with atopic dermatitis (AD) in the ADORING 1 and 2 phase 3 trials. We report local tolerability outcomes. Patients received Tapinarof or vehicle cream QD for 8 weeks.

"Age of risk" shapes simpler multimodal communication in the juvenile plains zebra (Equus quagga).

Juveniles occupy a different social niche than adults, engaging in a smaller diversity of social contexts and perceiving greater social risks. Either or both of these factors may influence the form communication takes in immaturity and its developmental trajectory. We investigated the relative influence of these social forces on the development of multimodal communication in plains zebras (Equus quagga).

Plains Zebras Prioritize Foraging Without Sacrificing Social Bonds During a Severe Drought.

Anthropogenically induced climate change has significantly increased the frequency of acute weather events, such as drought. As human activities amplify environmental stresses, animals may be forced to prioritize survival over behaviors less crucial to immediate fitness, such as socializing. Yet, social bonds may also enable individuals to weather the deleterious effects of environmental conditions.

Tapinarof Improved Outcomes and Sleep for Patients and Families in Two Phase 3 Atopic Dermatitis Trials in Adults and Children.

Introduction: Tapinarof is a topical aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist in development for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). In two phase 3 trials (ADORING 1 and 2), tapinarof cream 1% once daily (QD) demonstrated significant efficacy and was well tolerated in patients down to age 2 years with AD. Here, we evaluate patient-reported outcomes (PROs), including family impact, with tapinarof in ADORING 1 and 2.

Ecological momentary assessment of cigarette smoking behavior and pain intensity among individuals with chronic back pain who smoke.

Chronic pain affects ~20% of the adult population and is associated with smoking. Smoking and pain worsen each other in the long term, but short-term temporal associations between smoking and pain throughout the day are unclear. Understanding these relationships may inform strategies for managing comorbid smoking and pain.

Genotyping Error Detection and Customised Filtration for SNP Datasets.

A major challenge in analysing single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype datasets is detecting and filtering errors that bias analyses and misinterpret ecological and evolutionary processes. Here, we present a comprehensive method to estimate and minimise genotyping error rates (deviations from the 'true' genotype) in any SNP datasets using triplicates (three repeats of the same sample) in a four-step filtration pipeline. The approach involves: (1) SNP filtering by missing data; (2) SNP filtering by error rates; (3) sample filtering by missing data and (4) detection of recaptured individuals by using estimated SNP error rates.

Revisiting the ecology and evolution of burying beetle behavior (Staphylinidae: Silphinae).

Investigating fundamental processes in biology requires the ability to ground broad questions in species-specific natural history. This is particularly true in the study of behavior because an organism's experience of the environment will influence the expression of behavior and the opportunity for selection. Here, we provide a review of the natural history and behavior of burying beetles of the genus to provide the groundwork for comparative work that showcases their remarkable behavioral and ecological diversity.

Rural-urban differences in smoking quit ratios and cessation-related factors: Results from a nationally representative sample.

Purpose: There are significant rural/urban disparities that exist in cancer and chronic disease morbidity and mortality, many of which are attributed to increased tobacco use prevalence in rural populations compared to urban. Understanding differences in rural and urban tobacco use patterns is key to developing targeted interventions.

Methods: Using nationally representative data from Wave 5 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco Use and Health (PATH), we examined weighted frequencies and conducted multivariable logistic regression to examine the use of cessation supports in people who currently smoke with a quit attempt in the last 12 months (recent attempters) by rural and urban status and geographic region.

Trends in cannabis and tobacco co-use in the United States, 2002-2021.

Background: Co-use of cannabis and tobacco poses greater risks than use of either substance individually and may be becoming more prevalent with increasing cannabis medicalization and legalization. We aimed to assess trends in the prevalence of cannabis and tobacco co-use between 2002-2019 and identify the updated prevalence and correlates of co-use in 2021 among US adults.

Methods: This study used data from the 2002-2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, a nationally-representative, cross-sectional survey in the US.

Case management in primary healthcare for people with complex needs to improve integrated care: a large-scale implementation study protocol.

Introduction: Case management (CM) is among the most studied effective models of integrated care for people with complex needs. The goal of this study is to scale up and assess CM in primary healthcare for people with complex needs.

Methods And Analysis: The research questions are: (1) which mechanisms contribute to the successful scale-up of CM for people with complex needs in primary healthcare?; (2) how do contextual factors within primary healthcare organisations contribute to these mechanisms? and (3) what are the relationships between the actors, contextual factors, mechanisms and outcomes when scaling-up CM for people with complex needs in primary healthcare? We will conduct a mixed methods Canadian interprovincial project in Quebec, New-Brunswick and Nova Scotia.

Intraspecific variation in group structure arises due to environmentally-mediated directional dispersal in a cooperative breeder.

Many cooperatively breeding species live in groups with complex structure-large group sizes, low and variable kin structure, and multiple breeding pairs. Since these mixed-kin groups typically form because of immigration of unrelated individuals of both sexes in addition to limited offspring dispersal, differences in patterns of dispersal can generate variation in group structure, even within the same species or population. Here, we examine how environmentally mediated dispersal patterns influence variation in group structure in the plural breeding superb starling (Lamprotornis superbus), an avian cooperative breeder that inhabits a spatiotemporally variable savanna environment and forms mixed-kin groups with variable group sizes and more than one breeding pair per group.

An Observational Study of a Digital Substance Use and Recovery Program.

Objective: Digital substance use treatment programs present an opportunity to provide nonresidential care for people with problematic substance use. In June 2021, the provincial government in Ontario provided free access to Breaking Free Online (BFO), a digital behavioral change program for people with substance use disorders.

Methods: An observational study was conducted with retrospective data to characterize clients' use and engagement patterns in BFO and examine changes in self-reported outcomes.

Linking diet switching to reproductive performance across populations of two critically endangered mammalian herbivores.

Optimal foraging theory predicts that animals maximise energy intake by consuming the most valuable foods available. When resources are limited, they may include lower-quality fallback foods in their diets. As seasonal herbivore diet switching is understudied, we evaluate its extent and effects across three Kenyan reserves each for Critically Endangered eastern black rhino (Diceros bicornis michaeli) and Grevy's zebra (Equus grevyi), and its associations with habitat quality, microbiome variation, and reproductive performance.

New estimates indicate that males are not larger than females in most mammal species.

Sexual size dimorphism has motivated a large body of research on mammalian mating strategies and sexual selection. Despite some contrary evidence, the narrative that larger males are the norm in mammals-upheld since Darwin's Descent of Man-still dominates today, supported by meta-analyses that use coarse measures of dimorphism and taxonomically-biased sampling. With newly-available datasets and primary sources reporting sex-segregated means and variances in adult body mass, we estimate statistically-determined rates of sexual size dimorphism in mammals, sampling taxa by their species richness at the family level.

Student-Led Workshop on Disability Advocacy.

Medical students can be powerful advocates for and in partnership with the disability community, yet opportunities for targeted advocacy training are sparse. In February 2023, a medical student-led workshop on disability advocacy for trainees took place at the Association of Academic Physiatrists' Annual Conference. The aims of this session were for trainees to (1) identify existing gaps in disability education at their institution and in policy around disability-related issues; (2) improve perceived ability to engage in disability-related education and policy-based advocacy; and (3) apply an intersectional lens to identify opportunities for intersectionality in disability advocacy.

Use of preventive service and potentially preventable hospitalization among American adults with disability: Longitudinal analysis of Traditional Medicare and commercial insurance.

Objective: Examine the association between traditional Medicare (TM) vs. commercial insurance and the use of preventive care and potentially preventable hospitalization (PPH) among adults (18+) with disability [cerebral palsy/spina bifida (CP/SB); multiple sclerosis (MS); traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI)] in the United States.

Methods: Using 2008-2016 Medicare and commercial claims data, we compared adults with the same disability enrolled in TM vs.

Fostering collective leadership to improve integrated primary care: lessons learned from the PriCARE program.

Case management (CM) is an intervention for improving integrated care for patients with complex care needs. The implementation of this complex intervention often raises opportunities for change and collective leadership has the potential to optimize the implementation. However, the application of collective leadership in real-world is not often described in the literature.

Prevalence and correlates of flavored novel oral nicotine product use among a national sample of youth.

Background: Flavored novel oral nicotine products (ONP), such as pouches, gum, lozenges, tablets, and gummies, have recently entered the US market but have not been authorized for smoking cessation. This study assessed the prevalence and correlates of ONPs in a national sample of youth who smoked little filtered cigars or cigarillos (LCCs) or were susceptible to LCCs.

Methods: We conducted a national online survey from September-October 2022, as part of a study to develop cigar warnings among youth.

The impact of parental and developmental stress on DNA methylation in the avian hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis coordinates an organism's response to environmental stress. The responsiveness and sensitivity of an offspring's stress response may be shaped not only by stressors encountered in their early post-natal environment but also by stressors in their parent's environment. Yet, few studies have considered how stressors encountered in both of these early life environments may function together to impact the developing HPA axis.