Microbial Biofilm Decontamination on Dental Implant Surfaces: A Mini Review.

Introduction: After insertion into the bone, implants osseointegrate, which is required for their long-term success. However, inflammation and infection around the implants may lead to implant failure leading to peri-implantitis and loss of supporting bone, which may eventually lead to failure of implant. Surface chemistry of the implant and lack of cleanliness on the part of the patient are related to peri-implantitis.

Microbial communities of titanium versus zirconia abutments on implant-supported restorations: Biodiversity composition and its impact on clinical parameters over a 3-year longitudinal prospective study.

Background: Shifts in microbial communities are common over time, but they may disturb the host-microbiome homeostasis and result in inflammation of the peri-implant issues if a dysbiotic biofilm is established.

Purpose: Considering that different oral substrate surfaces may have a relevant impact on the microbial adhesion and colonization, the aim of this study was to investigate the microbial communities of the biofilm formed on single-implant restorations using titanium or zirconia abutments and how they correlate with clinical parameters after 3-years of implant loading.

Materials And Methods: MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons was used to characterize the oral biofilms of individuals (n = 20) who were sampled longitudinally during 3 years of masticatory loading.

Oral bacterial colonization on dental implants restored with titanium or zirconia abutments: 6-month follow-up.

Objective: This investigation aimed to characterize in a 6-month follow-up the microbial profile of implants restored with either titanium or zirconia abutments at the genus or higher taxonomic levels.

Methods: Twenty healthy individuals indicative for implant-retained single restorations were investigated. Half of participants were restored with titanium and half with zirconia abutments.

Genome analysis and clinical implications of the bacterial communities in early biofilm formation on dental implants restored with titanium or zirconia abutments.

This cross-sectional study aimed to identify and quantify up to 42 target species colonizing the early biofilm of dental implants restored with titanium or zirconia abutments. A total of 720 samples from 20 healthy individuals were investigated. Biofilm samples were collected from the peri-implant sulci, inner parts of implants, abutment surfaces and prosthetic crowns over a functioning period of 30 days.

Microbiome of titanium and zirconia dental implants abutments.

Objectives: This study employed culture-independent molecular techniques to extend the characterization of the microbial diversity of biofilm associated with either titanium or zirconia implant-abutments, including not-yet-cultivated bacteria species, and to identify and quantify species recovered from peri-implantar/periodontal sulci, supragingival biofilm and the internal parts of implants. Probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, and marginal bone level were also evaluated over time and correlated with biofilm formation.

Methods: Twenty healthy participants were analyzed.

Microbial diversity of the supra- and subgingival biofilm of healthy individuals after brushing with chlorhexidine- or silver-coated toothbrush bristles.

Nanoparticulate silver has recently been reported as an effective antimicrobial agent. The aim of this clinical study was to investigate the potential changes on the oral microbiota of healthy individuals after controlled brushing with chlorhexidine- or silver-coated toothbrush bristles. Twenty-four healthy participants were enrolled in this investigation and randomly submitted to 3 interventions.

In vivo evaluation of Candida spp. adhesion on titanium or zirconia abutment surfaces.

Objective: Candida spp. have been found colonising implant sites in healthy or diseased subjects. The aim of this in vivo study was to evaluate the Candida spp.

Bacterial adhesion on the titanium and zirconia abutment surfaces.

Objective: Microorganisms harboring the oral cavity, mainly those related to periodontal diseases, are the most potential etiologic factor of failure in long-term implant treatment. The material used for abutment components may influence the adhesion and colonization of microbial species. The aim of this in vivo investigation was to evaluate the biofilm formation on machined (MPT) or cast titanium (CPT) and zirconia abutments (Zc).

Effect of implant angulation on attachment retention in mandibular two-implant overdentures: a clinical study.

Purpose: Attachment wear can affect the performance of mandibular two-implant overdentures (IODs). This prospective clinical study aimed to investigate the effect of interimplant angulation on the retention achieved by two attachment systems at different time points within 1 year of wearing IODs.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-four patients (mean age = 73.

Assessing the oral microbiota of healthy and alcohol-treated rats using whole-genome DNA probes from human bacteria.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the capacity of whole-genome DNA probes prepared from human oral bacteria to cross-react with bacteria from the oral cavity of rats, and to assess the influence of alcohol ingestion on the animals' oral biofilm.

Design: Twenty four mature Wistar rats were equally divided in two groups. One group (control) was fed balanced diet of rat pellets and water.

Regulation of enamel hardness by its crystallographic dimensions.

Enamel is a composite biomaterial comprising a minor organic matrix (~2%) and a hierarchically organized inorganic ultrastructure (~96-98%). Surprisingly, to date there is no available information in the literature regarding the possible role of the enamel ultrastructure on the nanoscale level in tooth macroscopic properties. Understanding this relationship is of special interest for restorative purposes in dentistry.

Effect of electromagnetic field on bone regeneration around dental implants after immediate placement in the dog mandible: a pilot study.

Background: Accelerating bone healing around dental implants can reduce the long-term period between the insertion of implants and functional rehabilitation.

Objective: This in vivo study evaluated the effect of a constant electromagnetic field (CEF) on bone healing around dental implants in dogs.

Materials And Methods: Eight dental implants were placed immediately after extraction of the first pre-molar and molar teeth on the mandible of two male dogs and divided into experimental (CEF) and control groups.

Effect of sample storage time on detection of hybridization signals in Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization.

Long-term sample storage can affect the intensity of the hybridization signals provided by molecular diagnostic methods that use chemiluminescent detection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different storage times on the hybridization signals of 13 bacterial species detected by the Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method using whole-genomic DNA probes. Ninety-six subgingival biofilm samples were collected from 36 healthy subjects, and the intensity of hybridization signals was evaluated at 4 different time periods: (1) immediately after collecting (n = 24) and (2) after storage at -20 °C for 6 months (n = 24), (3) for 12 months (n = 24), and (4) for 24 months (n = 24).

Shear bond strength between Ni-Cr alloy bonded to a ceramic substrate.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength between a Ni-Cr alloy and a ceramic system submitted or not to thermocycling.

Materials And Methods: Forty-eight cylinder blocks of Ni-Cr with 3.0 mm diameter by 4.

Use of checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization to evaluate the internal contamination of dental implants and comparison of bacterial leakage with cast or pre-machined abutments.

Aims: To evaluate the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method for detection and quantitation of bacteria from the internal parts of dental implants and to compare bacterial leakage from implants connected either to cast or to pre-machined abutments.

Materials And Methods: Nine plastic abutments cast in a Ni-Cr alloy and nine pre-machined Co-Cr alloy abutments with plastic sleeves cast in Ni-Cr were connected to Branemark-compatible implants. A group of nine implants was used as control.

The use of fluorescein for labeling genomic probes in the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method.

Molecular methods that permit the simultaneous detection and quantification of a large number of microbial species are currently employed in the evaluation of complex ecosystems. The checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique enables the simultaneous identification of distinct bacterial species in a large number of dental samples. The original technique employed digoxigenin-labeled whole genomic DNA probes which were detected by chemiluminescence.

Bacterial survival rate on toothbrushes and their decontamination with antimicrobial solutions.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate bacterial survival rate on toothbrushes after brushing and the efficacy of their decontamination by spraying antimicrobial solutions. Thirty subjects were instructed to spray the solutions on toothbrush bristles after brushing. Each volunteer tested three sprays, one solution per week; the sprays were labeled spray 1 (cetylpyridinium chloride - CPC - and basic formulation), 2 (basic formulation only) and 3 (control - sterile tap water).