Most elite athletes return to preinjury competitive activity after surgical treatment for medial malleolus stress fractures.

Purpose: To provide return-to-performance outcomes after surgical treatment for medial malleolus stress fractures in the elite athlete. Additionally, to describe an individualised surgical approach in the management of medial malleolus stress fractures.

Methods: Five athletes (six ankles) underwent surgical treatment for a medial malleolus stress fracture.

Methodology for Online Reliability Studies: A Primer for Orthopedic Surgeons.

In orthopedic surgery, there is an increasing number of papers about online studies on the reliability of classification systems. Useful classification systems need to be reliable and valid. Measurement of validity can be variable and is prone to observer bias.

Mortality Prediction in Hip Fracture Patients: Physician Assessment Versus Prognostic Models.

Objectives: To evaluate 2 prognostic models for mortality after a fracture of the hip, the Nottingham Hip Fracture Score and Hip Fracture Estimator of Mortality Amsterdam and to compare their predictive performance to physician assessment of mortality risk in hip fracture patients.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Two level-2 trauma centers located in the Netherlands.

Open Versus Endoscopic Surgical Treatment of Posterior Ankle Impingement: A Meta-analysis.

Background: Surgical treatment of symptomatic posterior ankle impingement consists of resection of the bony impediment and/or debridement of soft tissue. Historically, open techniques were used to perform surgery with good results. However, since the introduction of endoscopic techniques, advantages attributed to these techniques are shorter recovery time, fewer complications, and less pain.

Corticosteroid Injections in Posterior Ankle Impingement Syndrome: A Survey of Professional and Elite Student Ballet Dancers.

Posterior ankle impingement syndrome (PAIS) involves pain at the posterior as- pect of the ankle, due in dancers largely to repetitive hyperplantarflexion. In daily practice, corticosteroid injection is often used to relieve the pain of PAIS, but little has been recorded with regard to its effectiveness. The primary objective of this study was to determine the ef- fect on pain of corticosteroid injections in professional and elite student ballet dancers with PAIS.

Geometrical characteristics of the symptomatic and non-symptomatic ossa trigona.

Background: Posterior ankle impingement is strongly associated with the presence of an os trigonum, however, most patients with an os trigonum will never develop symptoms. It is hypothesized that the os trigonum is larger in the symptomatic ankle than in the non-symptomatic ankle, the distance between os trigonum and tibia is smaller and there are more degenerative changes in ankles with symptoms of posterior impingement. In this study the geometrical characteristics of the ipsilateral and contralateral os trigonum are compared in patients with a bilateral os trigonum and unilateral posterior impingement symptoms.

High patient satisfaction and good long-term functional outcome after endoscopic calcaneoplasty in patients with retrocalcaneal bursitis.

Purpose: The primary objective of this study was to determine the degree of patient satisfaction at a minimum of 5 years of follow-up after endoscopic calcaneoplasty. The secondary objectives were to assess functional outcome measures, pain scores, analysis of bone removal, reformation of exostosis at follow-up and correlation of the size of the exostosis and recurrent or persisting complaints.

Methods: This study evaluated patients who underwent endoscopic calcaneoplasty, between January 1st 2000 and December 31st 2010, for the diagnosis of retrocalcaneal bursitis.

Surgical treatment for posteromedial talar process fractures.

Purpose: The first descriptions on medial talar tubercle fractures are attributed to Cedell. He described avulsion fractures of the insertion of the posterior talotibial ligament. However the true etiology has not been established.

Prevalence of Os Trigonum on CT Imaging.

Background: The os trigonum is known as one of the main causes of posterior ankle impingement. In the literature, a wide variation of occurrence has been reported.

Methods: All foot and/or ankle computed tomography (CT) scans made between January 2012 and December 2013 were reviewed.

A rare cause of lateral ankle pain: A symptomatic talus secundarius.

The talus secundarius is one of the rarest accessory tarsal bones, being present in 0.01% of all ankles. It is located at the lateral side of the talus, distally to the tip of the fibula.

Pain Relief After Operative Treatment of an Extremity Fracture: A Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Opioid pain medication is frequently given to patients recovering from a surgical procedure for an extremity fracture in spite of evidence that acetaminophen may be adequate. The aim of this study was to determine whether prescription of step 1 pain medication (acetaminophen) is noninferior to step 2 pain medication (acetaminophen and tramadol) after operative treatment of an extremity fracture.

Methods: Fifty-two patients with a single extremity fracture were randomized from July 2012 to March 2015 in this 2-week follow-up, noninferiority trial in a level-I trauma center in the Netherlands.

Endoscopic Treatment of Mid-Portion Achilles Tendinopathy: A Retrospective Case Series of Patient Satisfaction and Functional Outcome at a 2- to 8-Year Follow-up.

Purpose: To evaluate the results of endoscopic treatment in patients affected by mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy, by release of the paratenon combined with a resection of the plantaris tendon, regarding patient satisfaction, functional outcome, and pain scores.

Methods: This retrospective study evaluated patients endoscopically treated for mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy between 2000 and 2013. Patient satisfaction, functional outcome, pain scores, and health-related quality of life were measured by the use of a numeric rating scale, the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score, the Victorian Institute of Sport assessment for the Achilles tendon, the numeric rating scale for pain during running and during sports, and the EuroQol 5D (EQ-5D-3L) standardized questionnaire.

Talus bipartitus: a systematic review and report of two cases with arthroscopic treatment.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to provide a literature review on talus bipartitus and to introduce an arthroscopic treatment option.

Methods: A systematic review of published case reports and small case series was performed. Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Google Scholar and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant publications.

Current concepts review: Arthroscopic treatment of anterior ankle impingement.

Anterior ankle impingement is a common cause of chronic ankle pain, particularly in athletic populations. Morris and McMurray provided the earliest descriptions of anterior impingement, coining the condition as "athlete's ankle" or "footballer's ankle". The pathology has since been a topic of considerable investigation and has been re-termed "anterior ankle impingement syndrome".

[Dutch-language patient-reported outcome measures for foot and ankle injuries; a systematic review].

Objective: To investigate which valid and reliable patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are available for foot and ankle disorders in the Dutch population, and which of these is the most suitable for uniform use.

Design: Systematic review.

Method: PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar were systematically searched for relevant articles; subsequently two researchers screened first the title and the abstract, and then the full article within a selection of these articles.

Treatment of Calcaneal Apophysitis: Wait and See Versus Orthotic Device Versus Physical Therapy: A Pragmatic Therapeutic Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Calcaneal apophysitis is a frequent cause of heel pain in children and is known to have a significant negative effect on the quality of life in affected children. The most effective treatment is currently unknown. The purpose of this study is to evaluate 3 frequently used conventional treatment modalities for calcaneal apophysitis.

Arthroscopic Treatment for Anterior Ankle Impingement: A Systematic Review of the Current Literature.

Purpose: To provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic procedures used as a treatment strategy for anterior ankle impingement.

Methods: A systematic literature search of the Medline, Embase (Classic), and CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) databases was performed. Studies that met the following inclusion criteria were reviewed: studies reporting outcomes of arthroscopic treatment for anterior ankle impingement; studies reporting on more than 20 patients; a study population with a minimum age of 18 years; and studies in the English, Dutch, German, Italian, or Spanish language.

Validity and reliability of a Dutch version of the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to develop a Dutch language version of the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) and evaluate its measurement properties according to the consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments (COSMIN) definitions.

Methods: A forward-backward translation procedure was performed and subsequently the Dutch version of the FAAM was evaluated for its reliability and validity in 369 patients with a variety of foot and ankle complaints. The reliability was assessed by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC, test-retest reliability), Cronbach's alpha (internal consistency), the standard error of measurement and the minimal detectable change (MDC).

Treatment of midportion Achilles tendinopathy: an evidence-based overview.

Unlabelled: In Achilles tendinopathy, differentiation should be made between paratendinopathy, insertional- and midportion Achilles tendinopathy. Midportion Achilles tendinopathy is clinically characterized by a combination of pain and swelling at the affected site, with impaired performance as an important consequence. The treatment of midportion Achilles tendinopathy contains both non-surgical and surgical options.

The appearance of the pre-Achilles fat pad after endoscopic calcaneoplasty.

Purpose: To evaluate whether the imaging features of the retrocalcaneal recess normalize on a conventional radiograph after surgery for retrocalcaneal bursitis and evaluate whether it can be reused if complaints reoccur.

Methods: Patients who underwent an endoscopic calcaneoplasty at least 2 years before were eligible for inclusion. A lateral conventional radiograph of the surgically treated hindfoot was made to assess the retrocalcaneal recess and pre-Achilles fat pad; images were analysed, clinical complaints were registered and evaluated.

Posterior hindfoot arthroscopy: a review.

In recent years, minimally invasive surgery has developed and progressed the standard of care in orthopaedics and sports medicine. In particular, the use of posterior hindfoot arthroscopy in the treatment of posterior ankle and hindfoot injury is increasing rapidly as a means of reducing pain, infection rates, and blood loss postoperatively compared with traditional open procedures. In athletes, hindfoot arthroscopy has been used effectively in expediting rehabilitation and ultimately in minimizing the time lost from competition at previous levels.

Arthroscopic Treatment of Osteochondral Talar Defects.

Introduction: Arthroscopic debridement and bone marrow stimulation (i.e., drilling or microfracturing) is considered the primary surgical treatment of osteochondral defects of the talus.

Surgical treatment for posterior ankle impingement.

Purpose: This study aims to provide an overview of both the open and endoscopic procedures used to treat posterior ankle impingement, as well as an analysis, evaluation, and comparison of their outcomes.

Methods: A systematic literature search of the Medline, Embase (Classic), and CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) databases and the Cochrane Database of Clinical and Randomized Controlled Trials was performed. Quality of included studies was assessed by use of the Downs and Black scale.