Determination of the effect of the bacteriocin enterocin AS-48 on the microbial loads and bacterial diversity of blueberries.

Fresh fruits have been involved in transmission of foodborne pathogens. In the present work, five different batches of blueberries were used. One aliquot from each batch was washed with sterile saline solution (SSS) and the other one with a solution of the circular bacteriocin enterocin AS-48 in SSS.

Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing on the Microbiological Quality and Bacterial Diversity of Sous-Vide-Cooked Cod.

High hydrostatic pressure (HP) is a promising method to improve the microbiological quality of sous-vide foods. Monitoring the composition and behavior of the microbial communities in foods is of most importance for the production of high-quality and safe products. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) provides advanced approaches to determine food's microbial community composition and structure.

Draft Genome Sequence of a Putatively Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Strain Isolated from Calf Intestine in Boyacá, Colombia.

A draft genome of the putatively antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli strain ANGUJ1, which was isolated from calf intestine from Boyacá, Colombia, is reported. The genome possessed genetic determinants for antibiotic resistance and multicompound resistance efflux pumps. prediction analysis suggests phenotypic resistance to six classes of antibiotics plus aldehyde and peroxide.

Effect of High-Pressure Treatments on the Properties of Food Packaging Materials with or without Antimicrobials.

The aim of this research work was the comparative study of the different properties of interest in the case of plastic materials for food use before and after being subjected to treatment by high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) as well as the impact of additivation with antimicrobials. This method of food preservation is currently on the rise and is of great interest because it is possible to extend the shelf life of many foods without the need for the use of additives or thermal processing, as is the case with other preservation methods currently used. The effects of HHP treatment (680 MPa for 8 min) on plastic materials commonly used in the food industry were studied.

Antimicrobial Resistance, Biocide Tolerance, and Bacterial Diversity of a Dressing Made from Coriander and Parsley after Application of Treatments Using High Hydrostatic Pressure Alone or in Combination with Moderate Heat.

The effects of high-hydrostatic pressure (HP) treatments (450 and 600 megapascals, MPa, for 5 min at temperatures of 22 °C and 50 °C) on the microbiota of a coriander and parsley dressing was studied via culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches. Samples were refrigerated for 20 days, with periodic counts of the culture media supplemented with, or without, antimicrobials. HP-treated samples showed significantly lower viable cell counts compared to untreated controls.

Potentially pathogenic bacteria isolated from Paipa cheese and its susceptibility profiles to antibiotics and biocides.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the microbiological quality of cheese produced by formal and informal micro-enterprises in Paipa, Colombia, to isolate potentially pathogenic bacteria and to determine their prevalence and resistance to antimicrobials such as antibiotics and biocides. Sixteen micro-enterprises of the seventy existing in the region were sampled during 3 years. Viable concentrations of aerobic mesophiles, total and fecal coliforms, Salmonella sp.

Changes in the Bacterial Diversity of Human Milk during Late Lactation Period (Weeks 21 to 48).

Breast milk from a single mother was collected during a 28-week lactation period. Bacterial diversity was studied by amplicon sequencing analysis of the V3-V4 variable region of the 16S rRNA gene. and were the main phyla detected in the milk samples, followed by and .

Impact of High-Hydrostatic Pressure Treatments Applied Singly or in Combination with Moderate Heat on the Microbial Load, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Bacterial Diversity of Guacamole.

Guacamole is an avocado sauce highly appreciated for its pleasant taste and nutritional value. The present study addressed the impact of high-hydrostatic pressure (HP) treatments on the product safety and bacterial diversity. Four HP treatments, 5 min each, were applied: (A) 450 megapascals (MPa) at 22 °C; (B) 450 MPa at 50 °C; (C) 600 MPa at 22 °C; (D) 600 MPa at 50 °C.

Analysis of the Bacterial Diversity of Paipa Cheese (a Traditional Raw Cow's Milk Cheese from Colombia) by High-Throughput Sequencing.

Background: Paipa cheese is a traditional, semi-ripened cheese made from raw cow's milk in Colombia. The aim of this work was to gain insights on the microbiota of Paipa cheese by using a culture-independent approach.

Method: two batches of Paipa cheese from three formal producers were sampled during ripening for 28 days.

Biocide tolerance and antibiotic resistance of Enterobacter spp. isolated from an Algerian hospital environment.

Objectives: In this study, 77 Enterobacter spp. isolates from a collection of 175 Gram-negative bacilli isolated from Tlemcen University Hospital Center (North-West of Algeria) were tested for antibiotic resistance, biocide tolerance and genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance.

Methods: The isolates were identified by 16S rDNA gene sequencing.

Treatment With High-Hydrostatic Pressure, Activated Film Packaging With Thymol Plus Enterocin AS-48, and Its Combination Modify the Bacterial Communities of Refrigerated Sea Bream () Fillets.

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of activated plastic films with thymol and enterocin AS-48 and high-hydrostatic pressure (HP) treatment on the bacterial load and bacterial diversity of vacuum-packaged sea bream fillets under refrigerated storage for 10 days. The activated film and the HP treatment reduced aerobic mesophiles viable counts by 1.46 and 2.

Correlations among Resistances to Different Antimicrobial Compounds in Salmonella Strains from Hen Eggshells.

Persistence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella in the food chain may depend on strain tolerance to other antimicrobials and also on biofilm formation capacity. Yet, there is limited information on sensitivity of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella to other antimicrobials, such as phenolic compounds, chemical preservatives, or antimicrobial peptides. This study aimed at correlating antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation capacity in antibiotic-resistant, biocide-tolerant Salmonella strains from hen eggshells.

Analysis of potential risks from the bacterial communities associated with air-contact surfaces from tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fish farming.

Tilapia farming is a promising growing sector in aquaculture. Yet, there are limited studies on microbiological risks associated to tilapia farms. The aim of the present study was to analyse the bacterial communities from solid surfaces in contact with air in a tilapia farm in order to evaluate the presence of bacteria potentially toxinogenic or pathogenic to humans or animals.

Resistance to Antibiotics, Biocides, Preservatives and Metals in Bacteria Isolated from Seafoods: Co-Selection of Strains Resistant or Tolerant to Different Classes of Compounds.

Multi-drug resistant bacteria (particularly those producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases) have become a major health concern. The continued exposure to antibiotics, biocides, chemical preservatives, and metals in different settings such as the food chain or in the environment may result in development of multiple resistance or co-resistance. The aim of the present study was to determine multiple resistances (biocides, antibiotics, chemical preservatives, phenolic compounds, and metals) in bacterial isolates from seafoods.

Analysis of the microbiota of refrigerated chopped parsley after treatments with a coating containing enterocin AS-48 or by high-hydrostatic pressure.

Parsley can be implicated in foodborne illness, yet chopped parsley is used as an ingredient or garnish for multiple dishes. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of two different treatments on the bacterial diversity of parsley: (i) coating with a pectin-EDTA solution containing the circular bacteriocin enterocin AS-48, and (ii) treatment by high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) at 600MPa for 8min. Control and treated parsley were stored in trays at 5°C for 10days.

Copper and Zinc Tolerance in Bacteria Isolated from Fresh Produce.

The continued agricultural exposure of bacteria to metals such as copper and zinc may result in an increased copper tolerance through the food chain. The aim of this study was to determine the Cu and Zn tolerance of bacteria from fresh produce (cucumber, zucchini, green pepper, tomato, lettuce, vegetable salad, broccoli, cabbage, carrot, green onion, onion, and mango). Isolates (506 aerobic mesophiles) from 12 different food produce products were tested for growth in a range of Cu and Zn concentrations.

Microbial diversity in pitted sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) as affected by High-Hydrostatic Pressure treatment.

Sweet cherries are a highly appreciated seasonal fruit rich in anthocyanins. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of High-Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP) processing on the microbiological quality and bacterial biodiversity of sweet cherries. Pitted cherries inoculated with their own epiphyte microbiota to simulate a worst-case scenario of contamination during preparation and processing were treated or not by HHP (600MPa, 8min) and stored at 4°C for 60days.

Adaptation to Biocides Cetrimide and Chlorhexidine in Bacteria from Organic Foods: Association with Tolerance to Other Antimicrobials and Physical Stresses.

Chlorhexidine (CH) and quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC), such as cetrimide (CE), are widely used as disinfectants because of their broad antimicrobial spectrum. However, their frequent use for disinfection in different settings may promote bacterial drug resistance against both biocides and clinically relevant antibiotics. This study analyzes the effects of stepwise exposure to cetrimide (CE) and chlorhexidine (CH) of bacteria from organic foods and previously classified as biocide-sensitive.

Effects of exposure to quaternary-ammonium-based biocides on antimicrobial susceptibility and tolerance to physical stresses in bacteria from organic foods.

In the present study, a collection of 76 biocide-sensitive bacterial strains isolated from organically produced food were adapted by repeated exposure to increasing concentrations of the quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) benzalkonium chloride (BC) and hexadecylpyridinium chloride (HDP). The sensitivity of both wildtype strains and their corresponding QAC-adapted strains to other biocides and to antibiotics was studied. QAC tolerance increased in 88.

Characterization of biocide-tolerant bacteria isolated from cheese and dairy small-medium enterprises.

A collection of 120 bacterial isolates from small medium enterprises involved in the production of cow milk and the manufacture of goat cheese were screened for sensitivity to biocides benzalkonium chloride (BC), cetrimide (CT), hexadecylpyridinium chloride (HDP), triclosan (TC), hexachlorophene (CF) and poly-(hexamethylen guanidinium) hydrochloride (PHMG). Nineteen isolates were selected according to biocide tolerance and identified by 16S rDNA sequencing as Lactococcus sp. (6) Enterococcus sp.

Biocide Tolerance and Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella Isolates from Hen Eggshells.

The aim of the present study was to determine biocide tolerance and antibiotic resistance in Salmonella isolates from hen eggshells. A total of 39 isolates from hen eggshells, identified as either Salmonella spp. or Salmonella enterica according to 16S rDNA sequencing, were selected for biocide tolerance.

Virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli strains isolated from hen egg shells.

Eggs may contain extraintestinal pathogenic (ExPEC) and diarrheogenic (DEC) Escherichia coli which in addition may carry antibiotic resistance. The wide use of biocides and disinfectants in the food industry may induce biocide tolerance in bacteria. The aim of the present study was to evaluate biocide tolerance and antibiotic resistance in E.

The human gastrointestinal tract and oral microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease: a state of the science review.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes a spectrum of diseases from ulcerative colitis (UC) to Crohn's disease (CD). Many studies have addressed the changes in the microbiota of individuals affected by UC and CD. A decrease in biodiversity and depletion of the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes has been reported, among others.

Adaptive tolerance to phenolic biocides in bacteria from organic foods: Effects on antimicrobial susceptibility and tolerance to physical stresses.

The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of step-wise exposure of biocide-sensitive bacteria from organic foods to phenolic biocides triclosan (TC) and hexachlorophene [2,2'-methylenebis(3,4,6-trichlorophenol)] (CF). The analysis included changes in the tolerance to the biocide itself, the tolerance to other biocides, and cross-resistance to clinically important antibiotics. The involvement of efflux mechanisms was also studied as well as the possible implication of modifications in cytoplasmic membrane fluidity in the resistance mechanisms.