Cetylpyridinium Chloride-Containing Mouthwashes Show Virucidal Activity against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1.

The oral cavity is particularly susceptible to viral infections that are self-recovering in most cases. However, complications may appear in severe cases and/or immunocompromised subjects. Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC)-containing mouthwashes are able to decrease the infectivity of the SARS-CoV-2 virus by disrupting the integrity of the viral envelope.

Whole Genome Sequencing and Phenotypic Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance in Isolates.

There is scarce knowledge regarding the antimicrobial resistance profile of Therefore, the objective of this research was to assess antimicrobial resistance in recently obtained clinical isolates and to identify the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes. Isolates were obtained from patients with periodontal or peri-implant diseases and confirmed by sequencing their 16S rRNA gene. Confirmed isolates had their genome sequenced by whole genome sequencing and their phenotypical resistance to nine antibiotics (amoxicillin clavulanate, amoxicillin, azithromycin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, minocycline, metronidazole, and tetracycline) tested by E-test strips.

Association of nine pathobionts with periodontitis in four South American and European countries.

Aim: Our aim was to compare the prevalence and load of nine pathobionts in subgingival samples of healthy individuals and periodontitis patients from four different countries.

Methods: Five hundred and seven subgingival biofilm samples were collected from healthy subjects and periodontitis patients in Belgium, Chile, Peru and Spain. The prevalence and load of and were measured by quantitative PCR.

Bacterial decontamination of toothbrushes by immersion in a mouthwash containing 0.05% chlorhexidine and 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride: A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Toothbrushes are colonized by microorganisms, implying a risk of infection. That risk can be reduced by decreasing the microbial contamination of the filaments. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the antiseptic efficacy of a 0.

Randomized clinical trial to assess the impact of oral intervention with cetylpyridinium chloride to reduce salivary SARS-CoV-2 viral load.

Aim: Aerosols released from the oral cavity help spread the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The use of a mouthwash formulated with an antiviral agent could reduce the viral load in saliva, helping to lower the spread of the virus. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a mouthwash with 0.

Cetylpyridinium chloride promotes disaggregation of SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 is continuously disseminating worldwide. The development of strategies to break transmission is mandatory.

Aim Of The Study: To investigate the potential of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) as a viral inhibitor.

Microbial profile of placentas from Tanzanian mothers with adverse pregnancy outcomes and periodontitis.

Aim: To investigate microbial profiles in placentas from a population of East African mothers with and without adverse pregnancy outcomes and with regard to their periodontal status.

Material And Methods: Thirty-six placentas from pregnant women from Tanzania were classified into three groups according to both pregnancy outcome and the mother's periodontal health. The microbial composition in each group was then compared using 16S rRNA metagenomics.

Greater fuel efficiency is potentially preferable to reducing NO emissions for aviation's climate impacts.

Aviation emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO) alter the composition of the atmosphere, perturbing the greenhouse gases ozone and methane, resulting in positive and negative radiative forcing effects, respectively. In 1981, the International Civil Aviation Organization adopted a first certification standard for the regulation of aircraft engine NO emissions with subsequent increases in stringency in 1992, 1998, 2004 and 2010 to offset the growth of the environmental impact of air transport, the main motivation being to improve local air quality with the assumed co-benefit of reducing NO emissions at altitude and therefore their climate impacts. Increased stringency is an ongoing topic of discussion and more stringent standards are usually associated with their beneficial environmental impact.

Tetracycline and multidrug resistance in the oral microbiota: differences between healthy subjects and patients with periodontitis in Spain.

: Antibiotic resistance is widely found even among bacterial populations not having been exposed to selective pressure by antibiotics, such as tetracycline. In this study we analyzed the tetracycline-resistant subgingival microbiota of healthy subjects and of patients with periodontitis, comparing the prevalence of genes and their multidrug resistance profiles. : Samples from 259 volunteers were analyzed, obtaining 813 tetracycline-resistant isolates.

Resistance to β-lactams and distribution of β-lactam resistance genes in subgingival microbiota from Spanish patients with periodontitis.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of β-lactamase genes and the multidrug resistance profiles in β-lactam-resistant subgingival bacteria from patients with periodontitis.

Materials And Methods: Subgingival samples were obtained from 130 Spanish patients with generalized periodontitis stage III or IV. Samples were grown on agar plates with amoxicillin or cefotaxime and incubated in anaerobic and microaerophilic conditions.

Detection and expression analysis of (B) in .

Tetracycline resistance can be achieved through genes, which code for efflux pumps, ribosomal protection proteins and inactivation enzymes. Some of these genes have only been described in either Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria. This is the case of (B), which codes for an efflux pump and, so far, had only been found in Gram-negative bacteria.

Azithromycin and erythromycin susceptibility and macrolide resistance genes in Prevotella from patients with periodontal disease.

Objectives: To study oral Prevotella spp. isolated from patients with chronic periodontitis, to determine their susceptibility to azithromycin and erythromycin and to screen the presence of macrolide resistance genes therein.

Material And Methods: Isolates with a Prevotella-like morphology were obtained from subgingival samples of 52 patients with chronic periodontitis.

Trading off Aircraft Fuel Burn and NO Emissions for Optimal Climate Policy.

Aviation emits pollutants that affect the climate, including CO and NO , NO indirectly so, through the formation of tropospheric ozone and reduction of ambient methane. To improve the fuel performance of engines, combustor temperatures and pressures often increase, increasing NO emissions. Conversely, combustor modifications to reduce NO may increase CO.

Periodontal pathogens and tetracycline resistance genes in subgingival biofilm of periodontally healthy and diseased Dominican adults.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the periodontopathogen prevalence and tetracycline resistance genes in Dominican patients with different periodontal conditions.

Methods: Seventy-seven samples were collected from healthy, gingivitis, chronic (CP) and aggressive (AgP) periodontitis patients. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Parvimonas micra, Eikenella corrodens and Dialister pneumosintes and 11 resistance genes were studied by PCR.

Characterization and serotype distribution of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans isolated from a population of periodontitis patients in Spain.

Objective: There is no study characterizing the variability of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans isolates in periodontitis patients in Spain. It is therefore the aim of this investigation to study the serotype distribution of A. actinomycetemcomitans strains isolated from periodontitis patients in Spain.

Method to quantify live and dead cells in multi-species oral biofilm by real-time PCR with propidium monoazide.

Real-time PCR (qPCR) is a widely used technique in analysing environmental and clinical microbiological samples. However, its main limitation was its inability to discriminate between live and dead cells.Recently, propidium monoazide (PMA) together with qPCR has been used to overcome this problem, with good results for different bacterial species in different types of samples.

Validation of ATP bioluminescence as a tool to assess antimicrobial effects of mouthrinses in an in vitro subgingival-biofilm model.

Objectives: The aim of this investigation was to evaluate whether the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence method is an appropriate tool to assess the efficacy of antiseptic mouthrinses in terms of quantitative reductions of total viable microbial counts in mixed biofilm populations in vitro.

Study Design: Three mouthrinses, containing respectively, chlorhexidine and cetylpyridinium chloride (CHX/CPC), essential oils (EO) and amine fluoride/stannous fluoride (AFSF), as well as Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) used as control, were tested in an in vitro static biofilm model by ATP bioluminescence and compared to culture method. Biofilms were grown on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite disks for 72 hours and then exposed for 1 minute to the mouthrinse or control by immersion.

Variability of the fimA gene in Porphyromonas gingivalis isolated from periodontitis and non-periodontitis patients.

Objective: The goal of this study was to determine the genetic variability of the fimA gene in Porphyromonas gingivalis isolates from Spanish patients.

Study Design: Pooled subgingival samples were taken, processed and cultured in non-selective blood agar medium. Pure cultures of one to six isolates per patient were obtained and PCR and PCR-RFLP were used for fimbrillin gene (fimA) type determination of the extracted genomic (DNA).

Differential cytokine expression by human dendritic cells in response to different Porphyromonas gingivalis capsular serotypes.

Aim: Capsular polysaccharides play an important role in the virulence of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In Porphyromonas gingivalis, six serotypes have been described based on capsular antigenicity and its pathogenicity has been correlated both in vitro and in animal models. This study aimed to investigate the differential response of human dendritic cells (DCs) when stimulated with different P.

[Relationship between periodontal diseases and ascending bacterial infection with preterm delivery].

Background: There is an association between periodontal diseases and preterm delivery.

Aim: To assess the relationship between periodontal diseases, ascending bacterial infection and placental pathology with preterm delivery.

Patients And Methods: A periodontal examination and collection of amniotic fluid and subgingival plaque samples were performed in women with preterm labor with intact membranes, without an evident clinical cause or preterm premature rupture of membranes, without clinical chorioamnionitis or labor and a gestational age between 24 and 34 weeks.

Antimicrobial therapy in periodontitis: the use of systemic antimicrobials against the subgingival biofilm.

Objectives: The aim was to answer three relevant questions: can systemic antimicrobials be efficacious if the biofilm is not disrupted? Can the type of debridement of the subgingival biofilm impact upon the clinical outcomes of the adjunctive antimicrobial therapy? Is the efficacy of the adjunctive systemic antimicrobial therapy dependent on the quality of the debridement of the subgingival biofilm and the sequence debridement-antibiotic usage?

Material And Methods: Relevant papers were searched, critically analysed and their data were extracted.

Results: For the first question, studies assessing susceptibility of bacteria in biofilms, and clinical studies evaluating systemic antimicrobials as monotherapy, were reviewed. For the second question, clinical studies comparing systemic antimicrobials as adjuncts to non-surgical debridement or to periodontal surgery and clinical trials using systemic antibiotics with periodontal surgery were evaluated.

Subgingival microbial profiles in chronic periodontitis patients from Chile, Colombia and Spain.

Aim: To investigate the subgingival microbiota of distinct periodontitis patient populations, in Chile, Colombia and Spain, using identical clinical and bacteriological methods.

Material And Methods: In this multicentre study, 114 chronic periodontitis patients were selected. Patients were examined using an identical clinical protocol and pooled subgingival samples were obtained from each patient.

Detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the amniotic fluid in pregnant women with a diagnosis of threatened premature labor.

Background: Epidemiologic and randomized controlled studies have shown that periodontal diseases may be associated with preterm labor and delivery of infants with low birth weights. The purpose of the present study was to determine the presence of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity by periodontopathic bacteria in pregnant women with a diagnosis of threatened premature labor.

Methods: A periodontal examination and collection of amniotic fluid and subgingival plaque samples were performed on women identified as having threatened premature labor (preterm premature rupture of membranes without clinical infection or labor and preterm labor with intact membranes) and a gestational age ranging between 24 and 34 weeks.