Effects of Wind Exposure and Deficit Irrigation on Vegetative Growth, Yield Components and Berry Composition of Malbec and Cabernet Sauvignon.

The impact of global warming on Argentine viticulture may result in a geographical shift, with wine-growing regions potentially moving towards the southwest, known as one of the windiest regions in the world. Deficit irrigation is a widely used strategy to control the shoot growth and improve fruit quality attributes, such as berry skin polyphenols. The present study aimed to assess the effects of different wind intensities and irrigation levels, as well as their interactions, on field-grown L.

Tracing the origin of Argentine Malbec wines by sensometrics.

The study of terroir, increasingly popular in scientific circles, remains a challenging field, particularly in terms of sensory analysis. This paper summarizes our own contribution to the field-an approach for tracing the typicity of wines by sensometrics, using the Malbec variety as a case study. This large-scale research fingerprinted 81 wines from 29 parcels from highly contrasting environments (varying climate, elevation, and soils), produced under standardized conditions in three consecutive vintages.

Background and Perspectives on the Utilization of Canes' and Bunch Stems' Residues from Wine Industry as Sources of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds.

Viticulture activity produces a significant amount of grapevine woody byproducts, such as bunch stems and canes, which constitute potential sources of a wide range of phenolic compounds (PCs) with purported applications. Recently, the study of these byproducts has been increased as a source of health-promoting phytochemicals. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiaging properties have been reported, with most of these effects being linked to the high content of PCs with antioxidant properties.

Temperature and light conditions affect stability of phenolic compounds of stored grape cane extracts.

This study aimed to determine the stability of PCs in grape canes extracts stored at different temperatures and light conditions. The PCs composition was monitored every-two weeks during three months by liquid chromatography coupled to diode array and fluorescence detectors (LC-DAD-FLD). Initially, stilbenes represented 87 % of total PCs.

Climate Change Effects on Grapevine Physiology and Biochemistry: Benefits and Challenges of High Altitude as an Adaptation Strategy.

Grapevine berry quality for winemaking depends on complex and dynamic relationships between the plant and the environment. Winemakers around the world are demanding a better understanding of the factors that influence berry growth and development. In the last decades, an increment in air temperature, CO concentration and dryness occurred in wine-producing regions, affecting the physiology and the biochemistry of grapevines, and by consequence the berry quality.

Applied GA , GA , and GA increase berry number per bunch, yield, and grape quality for winemaking in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Malbec.

Background: The gibberellins (GAs) GA (inhibitor of GA -oxidase), GA (biologically active), GA (commercially available mixture of Ga and GA ) prohexadione-calcium (ProCa, inhibitor of dioxygenases that render GAs bioactive, negative control), and GA (positive control) were applied to bunches of Vitis vinifera cv. Malbec. Different techniques, doses, and timings were used in a 3-year field experiment.

Abscisic Acid's Role in the Modulation of Compounds that Contribute to Wine Quality.

Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role in the plant responses to environmental signals, in particular by triggering secondary metabolism. High-altitude vineyards in Mendoza, Argentina, are exposed to elevated solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) levels and moderate water deficits (WD), thus producing grapevine berries with high enological quality for red winemaking. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and phenolic compounds (PCs) accumulate in the berry skins, possess antioxidant activity, and are important attributes for red wine.

Assessment of in-vitro bioaccessibility and antioxidant capacity of phenolic compounds extracts recovered from grapevine bunch stem and cane by-products.

Grapevine woody by-products contain bioactive substances, mainly phenolic compounds (PCs), whose beneficial health effects initially depends on their levels of intake and bioavailability. Therefore, in-vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion (GID; oral, gastric and intestinal phases) was performed to evaluate the bioaccessibility and antioxidant capacity (AC) of PCs extracts recovered from grapevine bunch stem and cane from Malbec grape cultivar. The total PCs in cane and bunch stem extracts were 74 and 20% bioaccessible, respectively.

Tandem absorbance and fluorescence detection following liquid chromatography for the profiling of multiclass phenolic compounds in different winemaking products.

A liquid chromatography method coupling diode-array and fluorescence detectors (DAD and FLD, respectively) has been developed for the simultaneous quantification of 32 phenolic compounds (PCs) in winemaking products. With the combination of both detectors it was possible to determine phenolic acids, flavanols, flavonols, stilbenes and other PCs in the matrices under study. An excitation wavelength of 290 nm was selected and three different emission wavelengths (315, 360 and 400 nm) were recorded.

Bioactive compounds and total antioxidant capacity of cane residues from different grape varieties.

Background: Every year, the viticulture activity generates considerable amounts of underused lignocellulosic residues as grape cane, which are generally composted or burned despite their potential value as a source of bioactive compounds. Determination of their phytochemical composition and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) may be a useful way of exploiting different high-added value applications.

Results: Twenty-one phenolic compounds (PC) and two carotenoids (Car) were quantified by high performance-liquid chromatography-diode array detection in eight grape varieties from different locations in Mendoza, Argentina.

Changes in grapevine DNA methylation and polyphenols content induced by solar ultraviolet-B radiation, water deficit and abscisic acid spray treatments.

Environment and crop management shape plant's phenotype. Argentinean high-altitude vineyards are characterized by elevated solar ultraviolet-B radiation (UVB) and water deficit (D) that enhance enological quality for red winemaking. These signals promote phenolics accumulation in leaves and berries, being the responses mediated by abscisic acid (ABA).

Phenolic and sensory profiles discriminate geographical indications for Malbec wines from different regions of Mendoza, Argentina.

Malbec wines from 27 parcels from the three most important winemaking regions of Mendoza, Argentina, were produced under standardized winemaking conditions, and analyzed for phenolic composition and by means of sensory descriptive analysis. Different methods of characterization and cluster analysis for each data matrix showed that some locations of Mendoza could be significantly separated from each other. The results of unsupervised statistical methods were compared using a test for similarities and divergences, also showing that different locations may be associated.

Natural occurrence and production of tenuazonic acid in wine grapes in Argentina.

A survey was carried out to determine natural occurrence of tenuazonic acid (TA) in healthy and rotten wine grapes samples from different varieties ( = 37) collected during 2016 vintage in the region of DOC San Rafael (Argentina). In addition, inoculation experiments with three strains in wine grapes were done to elucidate TA production and its major influencing factors. The 16.

Isolation, identification and selection of antagonistic yeast against Alternaria alternata infection and tenuazonic acid production in wine grapes from Argentina.

Epiphytic isolates with yeast characteristics from grapes of the Malbec cultivar were obtained in order to find antagonists against Alternaria alternata. From a total of 111 isolates, 82% corresponded to the yeast-like organism Aureobasidium pullulans and the rest to the non-Saccharomyces yeasts Hanseniaspora uvarum (6.3%), Metschnikowia pulcherrima or spp.

Bacteria and smoke-water extract improve growth and induce the synthesis of volatile defense mechanisms in Vitis vinifera L.

Sustainable agricultural practices have been developed as alternative to the use of agrochemicals, and viticulture is not exempt of that. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and smoke water extracts (SW) are environmentally-friendly alternative to those agrochemicals. The aim of this study was to investigate the single or combined effects of SW and the PGPR Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf) and Bacillus licheniformis (Bl) on the physiology and biochemistry of grapevines plants.

Arsenic and trace elements in soil, water, grapevine and onion in Jáchal, Argentina.

Contamination by trace elements (TE) is an increasing concern worldwide. In some areas, crop production could be limited by the presence of metals and metalloids, so it is important to determine their concentrations and mobility. The region of Jáchal, province of San Juan, Argentina, has good growing conditions for onion and grapevine production, but their quality and yield are affected by high TE concentration in soils and water.

Grapevine tissues and phenology differentially affect soluble carbohydrates determination by capillary electrophoresis.

Soluble carbohydrates distribution depends on plant physiology and, among other important factors, determines fruit yield and quality. In plant biology, the analysis of sugars is useful for many purposes, including metabolic studies. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) proved to be a powerful green separation technique with minimal sample preparation, even in complex plant tissues, that can provide high-resolution efficiency.

Filter-vial dispersive solid-phase extraction as a simplified clean-up for determination of ethylphenols in red wines.

In-vial filtration with dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) clean-up of QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) extracts is proposed for the determination of ethylphenols (EPs) in red wines. Analytes were extracted from 5mL wine sample (previously alkalinized with 0.5% sodium hydroxide) using 5mL acetonitrile.

Morphology and Hydraulic Architecture of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Syrah and Torrontés Riojano Plants Are Unaffected by Variations in Red to Far-Red Ratio.

Plants have evolved an array of specific photoreceptors to acclimate to the light environment. By sensing light signals, photoreceptors modulate plant morphology, carbon- and water-physiology, crop yield and quality of harvestable organs, among other responses. Many cultural practices and crop management decisions alter light quantity and quality perceived by plants cultivated in the field.

Malbec grape (Vitis vinifera L.) responses to the environment: Berry phenolics as influenced by solar UV-B, water deficit and sprayed abscisic acid.

High-altitude vineyards receive elevated solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) levels so producing high quality berries for winemaking because of induction in the synthesis of phenolic compounds. Water deficit (D) after veraison, is a commonly used tool to regulate berry polyphenols concentration in red wine cultivars. Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role in the acclimation to environmental factors/signals (including UV-B and D).

Rhizosphere associated bacteria trigger accumulation of terpenes in leaves of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Malbec that protect cells against reactive oxygen species.

It has been proposed that plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) stimulate plant growth and development by inducing the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, like terpenes, which reduce stress incidence. Three bacteria previously isolated from grapevine roots and adjacent soil (Microbacterium imperiale Rz19M10, Kocuria erythromyxa Rt5M10 and Terribacillus saccharophilus Rt17M10) were tested as PGPR. After 30 days since root inoculation of in vitro grown Vitis vinifera cv.

Grape pomace and grape pomace extract improve insulin signaling in high-fat-fructose fed rat-induced metabolic syndrome.

In this study the effect of diet supplementation with grape pomace (GP) and grape pomace extract (GPE) on insulin sensitive tissues (adipose, liver and muscle) was evaluated in an experimental model of metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS was developed by giving a high-fat-fructose (HFF) diet to Wistar rats. Six weeks of HFF diet induced weight gain, which was partially attenuated by GP (1 g per kg per day) and GPE (300 mg per kg per day) supplementation.

ABA and GA3 increase carbon allocation in different organs of grapevine plants by inducing accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates in leaves, enhancement of phloem area and expression of sugar transporters.

Grape quality for winemaking depends on sugar accumulation and metabolism in berries. Abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GAs) have been reported to control sugar allocation in economically important crops, although the mechanisms involved are still unknown. The present study tested if ABA and gibberellin A3 (GA3) enhance carbon allocation in fruits of grapevines by modifying phloem loading, phloem area and expression of sugar transporters in leaves and berries.

Development of a high-performance liquid chromatography method based on a core-shell column approach for the rapid determination of multiclass polyphenols in grape pomaces.

A rapid and economically affordable reverse-phase chromatographic approach based on a core-shell column with high-performance liquid chromatography multi-wavelength detector (HPLC-MWD) is proposed for the quantification and quality control of multiclass polyphenols (PPs). The separation of 20 relevant polyphenols from grape pomace extracts (GPEs) was achieved in less than 12 min by using a Kinetex C18 column (3.0 mm × 100 mm, 2.