Long term Implications in Surgical re-Assisting (L.I.S.A. study) during the Covid-19 outbreak. A retrospective observational cohort study on a rural population.

Background: COVID-19 is having a worldwide impact on surgical treatment. Our aim was to investigate the impact of the pandemic in a rural hospital serving a low densely populated area.

Methods: We investigated the volume and type of surgical performed operations during both the pandemic (March 2020 - February 2021) and pre-pandemic periods (March 2019 - February 2020) as well as during the first and second pandemic waves compared to the pre-pandemic period.

Impact of COVID-19 on surgical activities and personnel: lessons for the future.

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has impacted professional, economic and social activities. In the surgical field, it has brought changes to operating activities, the organization of workforces, the protection measures for patients and personnel against possible intraoperative transmissions as well as training young surgeons. This study intends to assess the extent of this impact in our institution.

Correction to: Horizon Europe: Will new or old European Union take to the field?

Unfortunately, the given and family name of author "Michele Rubbini" was interchanged incorrectly in the original publication and the correct version is updated here. The original article has been corrected.

Classification and guidelines of hemorrhoidal disease: Present and future.

Classification and guidelines of hemorrhoidal disease are based on the subdivision in Grades of prolapse followed by any aspect related to both the treatment and its technique. When taking the proposals for classification and guidelines issued by prolific scientific societies into consideration, it is evident that strong contradictions and interpretative limits emerge in finding the best treatment to be adopted. After a critical examination of these limitations, a methodological proposal is shared to achieve a new classification, which plays a part in forming a new guideline for hemorrhoidal disease, identifying its evolution, dynamism of the prolapse, symptomatology, enteropathogenesis and gender characteristics.

Global Health Diplomacy: Between Global Society and Neo-Colonialism: The Role and Meaning of "Ethical Lens" in Performing the Six Leadership Priorities.

Establishing indicators oriented towards the creation of a global society to the detriment of new forms of neo-colonialism. In the relations between Developed and Emerging Countries as part of the Global Health Diplomacy, there is a risk that the former can adopt behaviors induced by the financial needs of overcoming their crisis. The most relevant Documents by International Organizations and Articles published in the past regarding actions in this area and the forecast of economic growth in various areas of the World are considered and the hypothesis of dual scenarios that may arise from these are postulated.

Neoplasms and renal transplantation: impact of gender, comorbidity and age on in-hospital mortality. A retrospective study in the region Emilia-Romagna of Italy.

Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the relationship between cancer, non-immunologic comorbidity, estimated by International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codification, gender and in-hospital mortality (IHM) in a large sample of renal transplant recipients (RTRs) living in the region Emilia-Romagna (RER) of Italy.

Patients And Methods: We evaluated IHM in RTRs admitted between 2000 and 2013 recorded in the RER database. By using ICD-9-CM codes, the Elixhauser index (EI) was calculated, and cancers were identified and classified as skin cancers (SC), solid organ cancers (SOC) and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD).

Traveling through the perineum(s): to the discovery of an old world.

Introduction: The migration of large numbers of people and refugees induces various fears in their receiving countries; the arrival of potential terrorists, and, among others, the negative impact that their need for health care can have on the sustainability of health services. In this sense, migrants are considered by many a threat.

Method: In this brief "letter narrative", based on the experience gained in the treatment of various diseases of the perineum, I mean to suggest that the perineal disorders, especially in women, is common event, shared by women of different ethnicity, culture, and religion.

The European Network of Coloproctology: a strategy towards the European research and healthcare system.

Many documents from the International Institutions point out that Health represents an engine of economic and social development. Based on these documents and concepts, the European Parliament decided to create a system of European Reference Networks as a synthesis of clinical and research activities, particularly in the field of rare diseases. This initiative, properly implemented, could be first step towards a new European health system.

Doppler-guided hemorrhoidal artery ligation with hemorrhoidopexy: source and prevention of postoperative pain.

Background: Transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization, although it showed reliability, has not completely removed the issue of postoperative pain.

Objective: We investigated the causes of postoperative pain and proposed some changes of the technique in order to eliminate it.

Patients: One hundred six out of 188 operated patients were considered.

Perfusion machines for liver transplantation: technology and multifunctionality.

The reliability of machine perfusion (alternative to static cold storage) for the preservation of liver for transplantation has been well investigated in experimental models, by taking into account the temperature, oxygenation, flow, pressure, and settings of the machine or proposed circuit. Machine perfusion is considered by many researchers as a valid method for preserving organs. While circuits or machines for preservation have been described, no agreement has been reached concerning how these devices should be developed.

[A new transportable machine for the preservation of livers to be transplanted by means of hyperbaric oxygenation perfusion].

The preservation of livers to be transplanted is currently obtained by static cold storage at 4 C degrees and flushing with UW solution. New methods of preservation are being studied that take advantage of machines for continuous hypothermic perfusion of the organ. Such machines have permitted a lengthening of preservation times and the use of livers from non-beating-heart donors.

[Cancer of the right colon: biological features and extent of the surgical resection].

Right-sided colon cancer therapy is based upon right hemicolectomy, which is a well established surgical technique. Considering the possibility of biological diversity in cancer arising from the caecum, ascending colon and transverse colon, this retrospective study analysed age, sex, grading, T, N, M and mortality to evaluate the biological characteristics of the cancers and their level of local and general diffusion with a view to establishing any correlation between these characteristics and the advisability of employing different surgical procedures for the different sites. Cancer arising from the sites considered does not seem to present different biological aspects and therefore a different surgical procedure is not authorized.

Experimental study on protein transmission through the human muscle fascia: preliminary results and application theory in lymphedema.

The presence of proteins (albumin and globulins) in lymphedematous tissue not only gives rise to colloidosmotic pressure but also produces an electrostatic charge endowing the proteins with individual features and different migration rates. The working hypothesis of the experimental study is to transfer lymph proteins from the upper fascia accumulation area to a subfascial drainage area by subjecting them to an adequate difference in potential. A double chamber, variable volume system with separation wall able to contain a 1 cm square of muscle fascia, was designed and built; the aim of the apparatus was to reproduce the subcutaneus zone separated by the fascia interposition, from the muscle-vascular zone.

[Toward the ideal bag: a clinical evaluation of a new aid for ostomized patients].

The authors report the results of a multicentre trial to evaluate the characteristics of a new bag for ostomised patients (Coloplast Alterna). While affirming that a correct technique is essential to avoid complications and to achieve good stoma function, the authors emphasise that the bag also pays an important role in giving confidence to patients and enabling them to enjoy a social life which is as similar as possible to that before surgery. In the search for the ideal bag the trial evaluated adhesive, filter and the bag and a whole.

Gasless video-assisted reversal of Hartmann's procedure.

More than 60% of patients who are submitted to Hartmann's procedure refuse to undergo reversal. This procedure is in fact a major undertaking associated with significantly mortality and morbidity rates. The authors suggest a minimally invasive approach without pneumoperitoneum.

["Simulated walking" in the duplex evaluation of the venous system. The clinical and instrumental correlations].

The goals of non-invasive duplex vascular diagnosis of the venous system of the lower limbs are: 1) To make evaluation of the venous system during deambulation feasible under physiological, pathological and post-surgical or elastocompressive conditions. Moreover, any such evaluation must be achieved using a standardized, easy, highly reproducibly method which is inexpensive and utilizes the diagnostic instruments available. 2) To achieve detailed, selective localization of the valvular and parietal dysfunctions at the basis of any reflux pathology.

[Takayasu disease in the genesis of cerebrovascular insufficiency. Description and considerations of a clinical case].

The authors in explaining their limited clinical experience relative to one single case, describe the peculiarity of Takayasu's disease and its rare incidence in western populations. The case under observation because of its peculiar rarity had been underestimated and treated in a completely inappropriate manner. Important instrument in its diagnosis is the High Resolution echography which in determining the diagnosis favors and speeds up the diagnostic therapeutic iter.

[Vascular microsutures with resorbable and nonresorbable sutures. A comparative study].

Modern technology has recently provided us with new resorbable suture material for use also in vascular surgery. Clinical use of these sutures has been impeded however by not little mistrust and by old dogmas without a rational experimental basis. We have therefore begun studies of two slowly resorbable materials, polyglactin 910 and polyglycolic acid, in comparison with two classic nonreabsorbable materials, nylon and polypropylene, used in experimental model of end-to-end anastomosis rats'infrarenal aorta, following up the healing process and its evolution after an interval.