Effect of Iron Supplementation in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Iron Deficiency: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of combined iron supplementation and methylphenidate treatment on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children/adolescents with ADHD and iron deficiency compared with methylphenidate alone.

Methods: In total, 116 children/adolescents with ADHD were screened for iron deficiency. Participants who exhibited iron deficiency were randomized into 2 groups (ferrous supplementation vs placebo).

Effectiveness of neurofeedback versus medication for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Background: Neurofeedback (NF) is an operant conditioning procedure that trains participants to self-regulate brain activity. NF is a promising treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but there have been only a few randomized controlled trials comparing the effectiveness of NF with medication with various NF protocols. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the effectiveness of unipolar electrode NF using theta/beta protocol compared with methylphenidate (MPH) for ADHD.

Chromosomal microarray analysis in a cohort of underrepresented population identifies SERINC2 as a novel candidate gene for autism spectrum disorder.

Chromosomal microarray (CMA) is now recognized as the first-tier genetic test for detection of copy number variations (CNVs) in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The aims of this study were to identify known and novel ASD associated-CNVs and to evaluate the diagnostic yield of CMA in Thai patients with ASD. The Infinium CytoSNP-850K BeadChip was used to detect CNVs in 114 Thai patients comprised of 68 retrospective ASD patients (group 1) with the use of CMA as a second line test and 46 prospective ASD and developmental delay patients (group 2) with the use of CMA as the first-tier test.

Common Clinical Characteristics and Rare Medical Problems of Fragile X Syndrome in Thai Patients and Review of the Literature.

Clinical characteristics of fragile X syndrome (FXS) have been well documented in Caucasians, whereas in Asians they have rarely been described. Those that have been conducted used small cohorts that utilized DNA for diagnosis and larger cohorts that utilized cytogenetics for diagnosis. This study is to describe clinical characteristics of FXS in a large cohort of Thai patients diagnosed by standard molecular methods.

Emergent Literacy in Thai Preschoolers: A Preliminary Study.

Objective: To investigate emergent literacy skills, including phonological awareness when presented with an initial phoneme-matching task and letter knowledge when presented with a letter-naming task in Thai preschoolers, and to identify key factors associated with those skills.

Methods: Four hundred twelve typically developing children in their final kindergarten year were enrolled in this study. Their emergent reading skills were measured by initial phoneme-matching and letter-naming tasks.

Longitudinal Case-Control Study of Imitation in Younger Siblings of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Background: Siblings of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have higher prevalence of ASD with a recurrence of 19%. Children with ASD demonstrate significant impairment in all types of imitative skills. Imitation is markedly developed in the first few years of life; therefore, a study of imitation in younger siblings in this period may reveal early deviation.

A new structured interview for children with autism spectrum disorder based on the DSM-IV.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children. The clinical spectrum of ASD includes autism, childhood disintegrative disorder Asperger syndrome and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). Although the DSM-IVcriteria are well acceptedforASD diagnosis, there are some known limitations for clinicians.

A case with a ring chromosome 13 in a cohort of 203 children with non-syndromic autism and review of the cytogenetic literature.

Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impairments of social interaction, communication and restricted, repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests and activities. Frequencies of chromosomal abnormalities in cohorts of individuals with ASD varying between 1.2 and 28.

Mutation screening of the neurexin 1 gene in thai patients with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder.

Aim: Neurexin 1 has two major protein isoforms using alternative promoters, coding for the alpha-neurexin 1 (α-NRXN1) and beta-neurexin 1 (β-NRXN1) genes. This study is to explore the possibility that variants of the NRXN1 gene predispose to intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Methods: The coding regions in 24 exons and exon-intron boundaries of the NRXN1 gene were investigated in 115 Thai patients with ID and ASD by direct DNA sequencing.

Translation and validation of the Children's Communication Checklist to evaluate pragmatic language impairment in Thai children.

Background: The Children's Communication Checklist (CCC) was developed to provide an assessment of domains of language impairment in children, particularly the pragmatic domain. This study examined the effectiveness of the CCC-Thai version in discriminating children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) from typically developing children.

Methods: The parents of two groups of 50 children aged 4-6 years, one with clinically ascertained ASD, and one with typical development, completed the CCC-Thai version.

Effect of television viewing on social-emotional competence of young Thai children.

Exposure time, program content and cultural context may affect the impact of television (TV) on the social-emotional competence (SEC) of children. This study examined the effects of TV viewing on the SEC of Thai infants. The study was based on a Thai birth cohort study from which duration and content of TV viewing and data from the Modified Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment instrument at 1 and 3 years of age were available.

Sleep education in pediatric residency programs: a cross-cultural look.

Background: The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of education about sleep and sleep disorders in pediatric residency programs and to identify barriers to providing such education.

Methods: Surveys were completed by directors of 152 pediatric residency programs across 10 countries (Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, United States-Canada, and Vietnam).

Results: Overall, the average amount of time spent on sleep education is 4.

Effect of current breastfeeding on sleep patterns in infants from Asia-Pacific region.

Aim:   The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between breastfeeding and sleep patterns in infants from Asia-Pacific region.

Methods:   Parents of 10 321 infants (0-11 months) from Australia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Korea, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam completed an expanded version of the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire.

Results:   Overall, 4714 (45.

Translation and validation of the developmental, dimensional and diagnostic interview (3Di) for diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in Thai children.

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a translated version of the short version of the Developmental, Dimensional and Diagnostic Interview (3Di) in discriminating children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) from typically developing children. Two groups, comprising 63 children with clinically ascertained ASDs and 67 typically developing children, were interviewed with the short 3Di translated version. Mean 3Di scale scores in each domain of autistic symptoms (social reciprocity, communication, and repetitive/stereotyped behaviors) were significantly higher in the ASD group than in the typically developing group.

Infant toilet training in Thailand: starting and completion age and factors determining them.

Objective: To study the age at which Thai infants start and achieve toilet training and its associated factors.

Material And Method: The parents of fifty infants in a research entitled "Bowel movements of normal Thai infants" were interviewed about age at which toilet training started, the process of toilet training and age at which infant successfully completed toilet training.

Results: Forty-seven infants from the 50 infants registered had data of the date of beginning toilet training.

Sleep education in medical school curriculum: a glimpse across countries.

Background: The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of education about sleep and sleep disorders in medical school education and to identify barriers to providing such education.

Methods: Surveys were sent to 409 medical schools across 12 countries (Australia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, United States, Canada and Viet Nam).

Results: Overall, the response rate was 25.

Bowel movements of normal Thai infants.

The aim of this study was to define the bowel movements of healthy Thai infants up to 12 months of age. Fifty infants were evaluated at 1, 2, 4, 6, 9 and 12 months of age. Data regarding bowel habits was recorded by parents daily for 2 days before coming to the hospital at each visit.

Early language delay and predictive factors in children aged 2 years.

Objective: To investigate the predictive factors for early language delay (ELD) at age 2 years based on the Prospective Cohort Study of Thai children (PCTC).

Study Design: A prospective cohort study: secondary data retrieving.

Subjects: Three thousand nine hundred five children were recruited from four communities and one hospital in five areas of Thailand.

Television viewing in Thai infants and toddlers: impacts to language development and parental perceptions.

Background: Effects of television to language development in infants and toddlers, especially in the Asian children, are inconclusive. This study aimed to (a) study time spent on television in Thai infants and toddlers (age < 2 years), (b) investigate the association between time spent on television (as recommended by the American Academy of Paediatrics (AAP), < 2 hours per day) and language development in Thai 2-year-old children, and (c) explore parental perceptions on television toward their child's development.

Methods: Two hundred and sixty children and their parents were recruited into the study.

Language development among the siblings of children with autistic spectrum disorder.

Language development in 32 preschool siblings (aged 2-6 years) of children with diagnosed autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) was compared with that of a control group of 28 typical preschool children. Groups were matched by siblings' age, gender, maternal educational level and family income. The mean ages of the siblings group and the control group were 4.

Reliability of the functional independence measure for children in normal Thai children.

Background: The Functional Independence Measure for children (WeeFIM) is a new instrument for evaluating functionality in disabled children aged 9-100 months. It was developed to determine a child's functional capacity and performance. With no baseline information about Thai children, it is difficult to assess whether a patient is initially high or low with respect to function.

Epidemiology of enuresis among school-age children in Thailand.

Enuresis is a very common developmental problem in young children. The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of enuresis in school-age children, to determine the factors associated with nocturnal enuresis, and to evaluate the parental strategies for managing enuresis. A randomly selected cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in eight elementary schools in Bangkok, Thailand.

Chromosome 22q11 deletions in patients with conotruncal heart defects.

We performed this study to determine the frequency of 22q11 deletions and associated phenotypic features and abnormalities in conotruncal heart defects. Sixty-one patients with conotruncal heart defects, including tetralogy of Fallot (TOF; n = 32), pulmonary atresia/ventricular septal defect (PAVSD; n = 12), double-outlet right ventricle (DORV; n = 5), transposition of the great arteries (TGA; n = 4 ), truncus arteriosus (TA; n = 4), subpulmonary ventricular septal defect (SPVSD; n = 3), and interrupted aortic arch (IAA; n = 1), were enrolled in this study and screened for 22q11 deletions by the fluorescence in situ hybridization technique. Phenotypic features and associated abnormalities, including submucosal cleft palate, abnormal facies, square nose, nasal voice, abnormal ears, long and slender fingers, delayed development, mental retardation, delayed growth, short stature, and hypocalcemia, were examined in these patients.