Effects of temperature and inoculation ratio on methane production and nutrient solubility of swine manure anaerobic digestion.

This study investigated the effects of temperature and volatile solids (VS) ratio of feedstock to inoculum (F/I ratio) on methane (CH) production and the solubility of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), cooper (Cu), and Zinc (Zn) after anaerobic digestion (AD) of swine manure. The highest cumulative CH yield of 470 L/kgVS was obtained with F/I ratios of 2.0 and 3.

Insight into the interaction between arabinoxylan and imidazolium acetate-based ionic liquids.

Herein, six ionic liquids (ILs) with different cations and the same anion of acetate (Ac) were used to dissolve arabinoxylan. These ILs included N-methylimidazolium acetate (HmimAc), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EmimAc), 1-hydroxyethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (HOemimAc), 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (PrmimAc), 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (AmimAc), and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (BmimAc). The solubilities of arabinoxylan in these ILs were determined, and the dissolution mechanism was explained using H and C NMR techniques.

Converting polycarbonate and polystyrene plastic wastes intoaromatic hydrocarbons via catalytic fast co-pyrolysis.

Thermochemical conversion of plastic wastes is a promising approach to produce alternative energy-based fuels. Herein, we conducted catalytic fast co-pyrolysis of polycarbonate (PC) and polystyrene (PS) to generate aromatic hydrocarbons using HZSM-5 (Zeolite Socony Mobil-5, hydrogen, Aluminosilicate) as a catalyst. The results indicated that employing HZSM-5 in the catalytic conversion of PC facilitated the synthesis of aromatic hydrocarbons in comparison to the non-catalytic run.

Microwave-assisted catalytic upgrading of co-pyrolysis vapor using HZSM-5 and MCM-41 for bio-oil production: Co-feeding of soapstock and straw in a downdraft reactor.

Microwave-assisted co-pyrolysis of low hydrogen-to-carbon and high hydrogen-to-carbon effective ratio materials with the aid of HZSM-5 and MCM-41 is a promising technique to improve the bio-oil quality. The low content of hydrocarbons and short life cycle of catalyst limit the application of pyrolysis technology in biomass energy conversion. The effects of catalytic temperature, and HZSM-5-to-MCM-41, feedstock-to-catalyst, and straw-to-soapstock ratios on the yield and composition of bio-oil were studied in this work.

Tribonema sp. and Chlorella zofingiensis co-culture to treat swine wastewater diluted with fishery wastewater to facilitate harvest.

Cultivating microalgae on wastewaters is an effective way to produce algal biomass whereas harvesting microalgae is a costly operation. This study we examined the feasibility of co-culturing a high-value microalga with an auto-flocculating strain to enable efficient recovery of biomass. Experiments were conducted to co-cultivate Chlorella zofingiensis with Tribonema sp.

Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of formic acid pretreated bamboo sawdust for bio-oil production.

The integrated process of formic acid pretreatment and pyrolysis of bamboo sawdust (BS) under microwave irradiation is developed to produce high-quality bio-oil in this study. Experimental results indicated that microwave-assisted formic acid (MFA) pretreatment was able to reduce the contents of hydrogen, ash, and volatile in biomass. In the meanwhile, a distinct increase in the higher heating value of pretreated BS was observed.

Fast microwave-assisted pyrolysis of wastes for biofuels production - A review.

Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of waste suffers from the problem that the waste generally has low microwave absorptivity thereby resulting in low heating rate and low pyrolysis temperature. In this case, fast microwave-assisted pyrolysis is proposed and developed to help the pyrolysis of waste. This study describes two methods that can be used to realize fast microwave-assisted pyrolysis of waste: (1) premixed method (wastes are mixed with microwave absorbent) and (2) non-premixed method (wastes are poured onto the heated microwave absorbent bed).

Influence of torrefaction pretreatment on corncobs: A study on fundamental characteristics, thermal behavior, and kinetic.

The effects of torrefaction pretreatment on corncobs properties and its pyrolysis kinetic parameters were investigated in this study. Proximate and ultimate analyses indicated that torrefaction increased the H/C ratio and higher heating value of corncobs, and reduced its oxygen content. Although the mass yield was also reduced, the corresponding energy yield was relatively higher.

Endoplasmic reticulum mediates mitochondrial transfer within the osteocyte dendritic network.

Mitochondrial transfer plays a crucial role in the regulation of tissue homeostasis and resistance to cancer chemotherapy. Osteocytes have interconnecting dendritic networks and are a model to investigate its mechanism. We have demonstrated, in primary murine osteocytes with photoactivatable mitochondria (PhAM) and in MLO-Y4 cells, mitochondrial transfer in the dendritic networks visualized by high-resolution confocal imaging.

A Small Horizontally Transferred Gene Cluster Contributes to the Sporulation of Alternaria alternata.

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) has been identified as an important source of genomic innovation in fungi. However, how HGT drove the evolution of Alternaria alternata, a necrotrophic fungus which can be ubiquitously isolated from soil and various plants and decaying plant materials is largely known. In this study, we identified 12 protein-encoding genes that are likely acquired from lineages outside Pezizomycotina.

Cobalt enrichment enhances the tolerance of Botryococcus braunii to high concentration of CO.

This work mainly studied B. braunii adapted to different CO concentrations with cobalt enrichment, and developed a process for CO capture, hydrocarbon production and cobalt removal. The results showed that B.

High-throughput sequence analysis reveals variation in the relative abundance of components of the bacterial and fungal microbiota in the rhizosphere of .

Background: The narrow region of soil, in contact with and directly influenced by plant roots, is called the rhizosphere. Microbes living in the rhizosphere are considered to be important factors for the normal growth and development of plants. In this research, the structural and functional diversities of microbiota between the root rhizosphere and the corresponding bulk soil were investigated.

Coupling of biochar-mediated absorption and algal-bacterial system to enhance nutrients recovery from swine wastewater.

Algal-bacterial system (ABS) used in treatment of high-strength ammonium wastewaters receives more and more attentions. In this paper, biochar-mediated absorption (BMA) and ABS were applied to recover nutrients from swine wastewater (SW) with high-strength ammonium, respectively. The results showed that the BMA could recover ammonium from the SW, which mitigated ammonia toxicity to the ABS.

Secretion of leukotrienes by senescent lung fibroblasts promotes pulmonary fibrosis.

Accumulation of senescent cells is associated with the progression of pulmonary fibrosis, but mechanisms accounting for this linkage are not well understood. To explore this issue, we investigated whether a class of biologically active profibrotic lipids, the leukotrienes (LT), is part of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. The analysis of conditioned medium (CM), lipid extracts, and gene expression of LT biosynthesis enzymes revealed that senescent cells secreted LT, regardless of the origin of the cells or the modality of senescence induction.

Development of biochar-based nanocatalysts for tar cracking/reforming during biomass pyrolysis and gasification.

Gasification and pyrolysis have been considered as potential routes for the production of fuel gas from abundant, low-cost and renewable biomass materials. Tar is the undesirable but inevitable byproduct during these processes, which not only lowers the overall energy conversion efficiency but also leads to potential contamination and clogging problems. Catalytic reforming has been seen as one of the most promising methods for tar elimination, and biochar-based nanocatalysts (BBNs) show promise as an efficient tar reforming catalyst.

Evolution of membrane fouling and cleaning strategy development in municipal wastewater reclamation by nanofiltration.

Membrane fouling is a serious concern in municipal wastewater treatment using nanofiltration (NF). The variation of NF membrane fouling at different operational durations were monitored and evaluated to understand the evolution of fouling mechanism in the present study. Six representative cleaning methods were picked for tests to deconstruct the structure and composition of the fouling layers on membrane surface.

Dielectric properties and thermal behavior of electrolytic manganese anode mud in microwave field.

Exploring the dielectric properties of a material can provide guidance for applications of microwave technology to the material. In this work, dielectric properties and thermal behavior of manganese anode mud and pure MnO, CaSO and PbSO components were systematically investigated. Results indicated that manganese anode mud showed excellent responsiveness to microwaves, with ε' value of 17.

High-temperature dielectric properties and pyrolysis reduction characteristics of different biomass-pyrolusite mixtures in microwave field.

Exploring the dielectric properties of mineral-biomass mixtures is fundamental to the coupled application with biomass pyrolysis and microwave technology to mineral reduction. In this work, the microwave dielectric properties of five pyrolusite-biomass mixtures were measured by resonant cavity perturbation technique and the pyrolysis reduction characteristics were systematically investigated, including poplar, pine, ageratina adenophora, rapeseed shell and walnut shell. Results indicated that the dielectric properties commonalities of five mixtures with temperature represented by increasing firstly, dropping intensely and finally rising slightly, with excellent responsiveness to microwaves; which the change trend was mainly attributed to the crystal transformation of amorphous MnO and pyrolusite reduction reactions by biomass pyrolysis.

transcriptome assembly and identification of genes related to seed size in common buckwheat ( M.).

Common buckwheat ( M.) belongs to the eudicot family Polygonaceae, Mill, and its seeds have high nutritional value. The mechanism of seed development of common buckwheat remains unclear at the molecular level and no genes related to seed size have been identified.

Draft Genome and Complete -Cluster Characterization of the Sterlet ().

Sturgeons (Chondrostei: Acipenseridae) are a group of "living fossil" fishes at a basal position among Actinopteri. They have raised great public interest due to their special evolutionary position, species conservation challenges, as well as their highly-prized eggs (caviar). The sterlet, , is a relatively small-sized member of sturgeons and has been widely distributing in both Europe and Asia.

Experimental dataset of nanoporous GaN photoelectrode supported on patterned sapphire substrates for photoelectrochemical water splitting.

GaN is one of the most promising materials for high PEC efficiency to produce clean, renewable hydrogen in an ecofriendly manner (Ebaid et al., 2015; Kamimura et al., 2017; Yang et al.

Lignocellulosic residue as bio-carrier for algal biofilm growth: Effects of carrier physicochemical proprieties and toxicity on algal biomass production and composition.

Five types of lignocellulosic materials were applied as the bio-carriers for low-cost algal biofilm cultivation of three algal strains. The effects of bio-carrier physicochemical properties and toxicity on algal cells growth and attachment were investigated. Rougher and hydrophilic bio-carrier could yield more algal biomass than smoother and hydrophobic bio-carrier.

A novel algal biofilm photobioreactor for efficient hog manure wastewater utilization and treatment.

This study developed a high-efficiency algal biofilm photobioreactor for microalgae by designing a special array of curtain membrane components. This paper also discusses the growth and nutrient composition of Chlorella vulgaris, and hog manure wastewater utilization and purification. It was found that after about 5 days of culture, the biomass of C.

Metabolomic Evaluation of sp. as a Feed Ingredient Revealed Dose-Dependent Effects on Redox Balance, Intermediary and Microbial Metabolism in a Mouse Model.

is a common green algae genus with high biomass productivity, and has been widely used in biofuel production and waste water management. However, the suitability and metabolic consequences of using as an animal feed ingredient have not been examined in detail. In this study, the influences of consuming on the metabolic status of young mice were investigated through growth performance, blood chemistry, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics.

Microalgae-based wastewater treatment for nutrients recovery: A review.

The water resource crisis and concerns with environmental pollution are pushing for upgrading of conventional wastewater treatment process. Microalgae-based wastewater treatment process has shown many advantages that can meet the new demand for improved wastewater treatment. However, considering the issues related to the complexity of wastewater characteristics and adaptability of microalgae species, and the challenges to the design and optimization of treatment processes in order to achieve higher removal efficiencies with lower costs, further exploration and research are still needed.