Cellular and extracellular white matter alterations after childhood trauma experience in individuals with schizophrenia.

Background: Childhood trauma (CT) is related to altered fractional anisotropy (FA) in individuals with schizophrenia (SZ). However, it remains unclear whether CT may influence specific cellular or extracellular compartments of FA in SZ with CT experience. We extended our previous study on FA in SZ (Costello et al.

Childhood trauma is associated with altered white matter microstructural organization in schizophrenia.

It has been reported that childhood trauma (CT) is associated with reductions in fractional anisotropy (FA) in individuals with schizophrenia (SZ). Here, we hypothesized that SZ with high levels of CT will show the greatest reductions in FA in frontolimbic and frontoparietal regions compared to healthy controls (HC) with high trauma levels and participants with no/low levels of CT. Thirty-seven SZ and 129 HC with CT experience were dichotomized into groups of 'none/low' or 'high' levels.

Corpus Callosum Microstructural Tract Integrity Relates to Longer Emotion Recognition Reaction Time in People with Schizophrenia.

: Schizophrenia is a complex functionally debilitating neurodevelopmental disorder, with associated social cognitive impairment. Corpus Callosum (CC) white matter tracts deficits are reported for people with schizophrenia; however, few studies focus on interhemispheric processing relative to social cognition tasks. This study aimed to determine if a relationship between the CC and social cognition exists.

Efficacy and safety of scopolamine compared to placebo in individuals with bipolar disorder who are experiencing a depressive episode (SCOPE-BD): study protocol for a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Current treatment options for the management of depressive episodes in bipolar disorder are often sub-optimal, with some treatments either noted to be only partially effective or to require long durations of treatment prior to a therapeutic response. Therefore, pharmaco-therapeutic options that reduce depressive symptoms in a more rapid manner might provide a viable therapeutic option for some people. Intravenous (IV) scopolamine, a pan muscarinic antagonist, has been demonstrated in a number of studies to confer a rapid antidepressant effect, albeit no study to date has exclusively evaluated its potential therapeutic effect in a cohort consisting solely of individuals with bipolar disorder.

Changes in Default-Mode Network Associated With Childhood Trauma in Schizophrenia.

Background: There is considerable evidence of dysconnectivity within the default-mode network (DMN) in schizophrenia, as measured during resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). History of childhood trauma (CT) is observed at a higher frequency in schizophrenia than in the general population, but its relationship to DMN functional connectivity has yet to be investigated.

Methods: CT history and rs-fMRI data were collected in 65 individuals with schizophrenia and 132 healthy controls.

Childhood trauma, brain structure and emotion recognition in patients with schizophrenia and healthy participants.

Childhood trauma, and in particular physical neglect, has been repeatedly associated with lower performance on measures of social cognition (e.g. emotion recognition tasks) in both psychiatric and non-clinical populations.

Childhood trauma, parental bonding, and social cognition in patients with schizophrenia and healthy adults.

Objective: This study investigated associations between childhood trauma, parental bonding, and social cognition (i.e., Theory of Mind and emotion recognition) in patients with schizophrenia and healthy adults.