Bioinformatic Analysis of Genes Associated with Autophagy in Vitiligo.

Background: As vitiligo progresses, autophagy becomes more and more important.

Objectives: To validate potential genes associated with autophagy in vitiligo through bioinformatics analysis and experimental testing.

Materials And Methods: Dataset GSE75819 of mRNA expression profiles was obtained from GEO.

Clinical Observation on the Therapeutic Effect of Port-Wine Stains with Intravenous Injection of Hematoporphyrin Monomethyl Ether (HMME).

Background: Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) is a promising photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and has found wide application in the treatment of port-wine stains (PWS).

Objective: This study aims to observe and analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of HMME-PDT in the treatment of PWS patients. It also aims to evaluate the usefulness of color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI), an ultrasound technique for detecting blood flow in skin lesions, in assessing clinical efficacy.

Characteristics of multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring cell clusters in different culture conditions.

Objective: To observe the morphological characteristics of clusters of Muse cells from normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) under different culture conditions.

Methods: Muse cells were sorted by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) from NHDFs, and were evaluated by flow cytometry. Muse cells were cultured in suspension and in adherent conditions to obtain Muse cell clusters (M-clusters), which were further characterized by alkaline phosphatase (AP) staining, immunofluorescence (IF) staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Characterization of CM-Dil-labeled Muse cells in culture and in skin wounds in rats.

To investigate the characteristics of multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells labeled with chloromethyl dialkylcarbocyanine (CM-Dil) in culture and in skin wounds of rats. Normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) were obtained from foreskins and were confirmed by immunocytochemistry with vimentin. Muse cells were derived from NHDFs using long-term trypsinization (LTT), were confirmed using immunocytochemistry with antibodies against stage specific embryonic antigen-3 (SSEA-3) and CD105 and were expanded in suspension cultures.

RNA-seq and ATAC-seq analyses of multilineage differentiating stress enduring cells: Comparison with dermal fibroblasts.

The aim of this study is to characterize the molecular properties of multilineage differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells compared with dermal fibroblasts (FBs) and to characterize differences in their transcriptomes and open chromatin regions that are involved in cellular plasticity. Assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses was then performed on FBs and Muse cells. Subsequently, cell type-selective gene regulatory regions were identified by coalition analysis.

Effects of keratinocyte-derived and fibroblast-derived exosomes on human epidermal melanocytes.

Background: Exosomes have been demonstrated to carry proteins, membrane lipids, mRNAs and microRNAs which can be transferred to surrounding cells and regulate the functions of those recipient cells.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of exosomes released by keratinocytes and fibroblasts on the proliferation, tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis of melanocytes.

Methods: Melanocytes, keratinocytes and fibroblasts obtained from human foreskin were cultured and exosomes secreted by keratinocytes and fibroblasts were harvested from the culture supernatants by ultracentrifugation.

An unusual case of secondary syphilis misdiagnosed as allergic dermatitis for 2 years.

Dermatologists should be aware that the clinical manifestations of syphilis are very complex and changeable. Unilaterally distributed skin lesions and painless lip ulcers may also be the clinical manifestations of secondary syphilis.

Dedifferentiation of human epidermal melanocytes in vitro by long-term trypsinization.

Human epidermal melanocytes can be induced to form melanocyte spheroids and revert to immature characteristics by long-term trypsinization (LTT). To further explore the biological characteristics of melanocytes after LTT and to study the underlying mechanism. Melanocytes were subjected to long-term (2 h) trypsinization in this study, after which their viability, proliferation and autophagy were characterized.

The tolerance of human epidermal cells to trypsinization in vitro.

To characterize the tolerance of different types of human epidermal cells to trypsinization in vitro and develop a new method to separate and purify melanocytes according to their tolerance to trypsinization. Epidermal cells were obtained by separating the epidermis from human foreskins. Some of those cells were used for routine culture, and then were subjected to differential trypsin digestion.

Characterization of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Epidermal Melanocytes by Transduction with Two Combinations of Transcription Factors.

Objective: In order to generate induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) more efficiently, it is crucial to identify somatic cells that are easily accessible and possibly require fewer factors for conversion into iPSCs.

Methods: Human epidermal melanocytes were transduced with lentiviral vectors carrying 3 transcription factors (OCT-4, KLF-4 and c-MYC, 3F) or 4 transcription factors (OCT-4, KLF-4, c-MYC and SOX-2, 4F). Once the clones had formed, assays related to stem cell pluripotency, including alkaline phosphatase staining, DNA methylation levels, expression of stem cell markers and ultrastructure analysis were carried out.

Experimental study and clinical observations of autologous hair follicle cell transplants to treat stable vitiligo.

Background: Vitiligo is characterized by the loss and/or dysfunction of melanocytes in the skin and has a profound impact on the social interactions of patients. Although there are many treatment options for vitiligo, the outcome is frequently unsatisfactory, especially for patients with stable vitiligo.

Objectives: To study the biological properties of melanocytes derived from human hair follicles and to observe the efficacy of using transplants of autologous hair follicle cells to treat patients with stable vitiligo.

Misdiagnosis of uncommon presentation of Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with Eosinophilia.

In 50-year-old female patients, the purple-red papules in the right upper arm were misdiagnosed as molluscum contagiosum or scars. The diagnosis of angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia was determined on the basis of the clinicopathological features.

Melanocyte spheroids are formed by repetitive long-term trypsinization.

Background: Autologous melanocyte transplantation plays an important role in the treatment of vitiligo.

Objective: Previous studies have indicated that, compared with melanocytes growing in monolayers, melanocyte spheroids have a better survival in growth factor- and serum-deprived conditions.

Methods: Melanocyte spheroids were obtained from human epidermis by repetitive long-term trypsinization and maintained an aggregated morphology for a short period in certain conditions.

The distribution of melanocytes and the degradation of melanosomes in fetal hair follicles.

There have been many studies about the formation, storage, transport and degradation of melanosomes in epidermal melanocytes but studies of melanocytes and melanosomes in fetal hair follicles (HFs) have been limited and ambiguous. The goal of this study was to investigate the distribution of melanocytes and the degradation of melanosomes in fetal HFs. After obtaining approval and informed consent for the study, a scalp specimen from a 5 month gestational age fetus was obtained and was divided into two parts.

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Epidermal Keratinocytes.

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) play an important role in cell replacement therapy. Several studies have shown that keratinocytes are promising reprogrammed cells. We easily and efficiently enriched epidermal stem cells by attaching them for a limited time in culture dishes.

Effects of acrylate/acrylamide polymers on the adhesion, growth and differentiation of Muse cells.

Background: Acrylate/acrylamide copolymers have excellent optical properties and biocompatibility and are ideal biomaterials that have been widely used in tissue engineering. Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring cells (Muse cells) are a specific subset of mesenchymal stem cells that have an excellent potential for the regenerative medicine.

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the effects of acrylate/acrylamide copolymers on the adhesion, proliferation and pluripotent-like properties of Muse cells, which were derived from normal human dermal fibroblasts by long-term trypsin incubation.

Construction of a three-dimensional in-vitro skin model on polycaprolactone fibers.

Background: The aim of this study was to observe the morphological characteristics and the biological properties of human epidermal cells when cultured at an air-liquid interface in polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers as a three-dimensional scaffold for tissue engineering.

Methods: In this study, the melanocytes and keratinocytes were obtained from human scalp skin, seeded onto a PCL film, and cocultured for 2 weeks to construct a three-dimensional (3D) skin model. The cells were then characterized by hematoxylin and eosin staining, by immunohistochemical staining with antibodies to cytokeratin 15 (CK15), Ki-67, CD34, CD200 and HMB45 and by transmission electron microscopy.

Muse Cells Derived from Dermal Tissues Can Differentiate into Melanocytes.

The objective of the authors has been to obtain multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring cells (Muse cells) from primary cultures of dermal fibroblasts, identify their pluripotency, and detect their ability to differentiate into melanocytes. The distribution of SSEA-3-positive cells in human scalp skin was assessed by immunohistochemistry, and the distribution of Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, and SSEA-3-positive cells was determined by immunofluorescence staining. The expression levels of Sox2, Oct4, hKlf4, and Nanog mRNAs and proteins in Muse cells were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses and Western blots, respectively.

Syphilis in an Infant Acquired by Mouth-to-Mouth Transfer of Prechewed Food.

A 2-year-old infant boy presented with a large ulcerative lesion on his tongue. The grandmother who cared for the boy was in the habit of chewing food before giving it to the boy and had active syphilis. The infant was diagnosed with acquired early syphilis, which had been transmitted by prechewed food from his grandmother.

Dynamic Diffusion Tensor Imaging Reveals Structural Changes in the Bilateral Pyramidal Tracts after Brain Stem Hemorrhage in Rats.

Background And Purpose: Few studies have concentrated on pyramidal tract (PY) changes after brain stem hemorrhage (BSH). In this study, we used a diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) technique and histologic identification to investigate longitudinal PY changes on both the contralateral and ipsilateral sides after experimental BSH.

Methods: BSH was induced in 61 Sprague-Dawley rats by infusing 30 μl of autogenous tail blood into each rat's right pons.