mRNA 3' -UTR-mediate translational control through PAS and CPE in sheep oocyte.

In oocytes, the cytoplasmic polyadenylation and maternal mRNAs translation is regulated by cis-elements, including polyadenylation signal (PAS) and cytoplasmic polyadenylation element (CPE) in 3'-UTR. Recent studies illustrate non-canonical polyadenylation mechanisms of translational regulation in mouse oocytes, which is different from that in Xenopus oocytes. However, it is still unclear if this regulation in rodent oocytes functions in the domestic animal oocyte.

The effect of catalytic copper pretreatments on CVD graphene growth at different stages.

The controllable synthesis of high-quality and large-area graphene by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) remains a challenge nowadays. The massive grain boundaries in graphene grown on polycrystalline Cu by CVD significantly reduce its carrier mobility, limiting its application in high-performance electronic devices. Here, we confirm that the synergetic pretreatment of Cu with electropolishing and surface oxidation is a more efficient way to further suppress the graphene nucleation density (GND) and to accelerate the growth rate of the graphene domain by CVD.