Melatonin Mitigates Oxazolone-Induced Colitis in Microbiota-Dependent Manner.

Levels of type 2 cytokines are elevated in the blood and intestinal tissues of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients in the active phase; this phenomenon indicates the participation of type 2 immune response in UC progression. The beneficial effects of melatonin in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) colitis models have been illustrated, but its role in the oxazolone (Oxa)-induced colitis model (driven by type 2 immune response) remains relatively unknown. We investigated the relationship between melatonin concentration and the severity of UC, revealing a significantly negative correlation.

Quality Improvement of Sample Collection Increases the Diagnostic Accuracy of Quantitative Fecal Immunochemical Test in Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Pilot Study.

The diagnostic efficiency of the quantitative fecal immunochemical test (qFIT) has large variations in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. We aimed to explore whether the practical sample collection operant training could improve the diagnostic accuracy of the qFIT in CRC screening. Moderate-/high-risk individuals aged 50-75 years old were invited to participate in a prospective observational study between July 2020 and March 2021.

Probiotic Interventions Alleviate Food Allergy Symptoms Correlated With Cesarean Section: A Murine Model.

Delivery by cesarean section (CS) is linked to an increased incidence of food allergies in children and affects early gut microbiota colonization. Furthermore, emerging evidence has connected disordered intestinal microbiota to food allergies. Here, we investigated the impact of CS on a rat model for food allergy to ovalbumin (OVA).

Complete genome sequencing of Peyer's patches-derived Lactobacillus taiwanensis CLG01, a potential probiotic with antibacterial and immunomodulatory activity.

Background: The genus Lactobacillus is an important component of the gastrointestinal tract of human and animals and commonly considered as probiotic. L. taiwanensis has long been proposed to be a probiotic whereas understanding on this species is still in its infancy.

S100A10 Accelerates Aerobic Glycolysis and Malignant Growth by Activating mTOR-Signaling Pathway in Gastric Cancer.

S100 calcium-binding protein A10 (S100A10) is crucially involved in the tumorigenesis of multiple malignant tumors. Reprogrammed glucose metabolism is emerging as a hallmark of various human cancers. However, the function of S100A10 in aerobic glycolysis is unclear.

Real-time artificial intelligence for endoscopic diagnosis of early esophageal squamous cell cancer (with video).

Background And Aims: Endoscopic diagnosis of early esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) is complicated and dependent on operators' experience. This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) model for automatic diagnosis of early ESCC.

Methods: Non-magnifying and magnifying endoscopic images of normal/noncancerous lesions, early ESCC, and advanced esophageal cancer (AEC) were retrospectively obtained from Qilu Hospital of Shandong University.

Endocuff-assisted colonoscopy versus cap-assisted colonoscopy for adenoma detection rate: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background And Aims: Add-on devices have been widely used in clinical practice. The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the adenoma detection rate between Endocuff-assisted colonoscopy (EAC) and cap-assisted colonoscopy (CAC).

Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane databases were searched.

Impact of a real-time automatic quality control system on colorectal polyp and adenoma detection: a prospective randomized controlled study (with videos).

Background And Aims: Quality control can decrease variations in the performance of colonoscopists and improve the effectiveness of colonoscopy to prevent colorectal cancers. Unfortunately, routine quality control is difficult to carry out because a practical method is lacking. The aim of this study was to develop an automatic quality control system (AQCS) and assess whether it could improve polyp and adenoma detection in clinical practice.