A genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies the CCT chaperonin as a critical regulator of vesicle trafficking.

Vesicle trafficking is a fundamental cellular process that controls the transport of various proteins and cargos between cellular compartments in eukaryotes. Using a combination of genome-wide CRISPR screening in mammalian cells and RNAi screening in Caenorhabditis elegans, we identify chaperonin containing TCP-1 subunit 4 (CCT4) as a critical regulator of protein secretion and vesicle trafficking. In C.

Grab regulates transferrin receptor recycling and iron uptake in developing erythroblasts.

Developing erythroblasts acquire massive amounts of iron through the transferrin (Tf) cycle, which involves endocytosis, sorting, and recycling of the Tf-Tf receptor (Tfrc) complex. Previous studies on the hemoglobin-deficit (hbd) mouse have shown that the exocyst complex is indispensable for the Tfrc recycling; however, the precise mechanism underlying the efficient exocytosis and recycling of Tfrc in erythroblasts remains unclear. Here, we identify the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Grab as a critical regulator of the Tf cycle and iron metabolism during erythropoiesis.

Wdr26 regulates nuclear condensation in developing erythroblasts.

Mammalian red blood cells lack nuclei. The molecular mechanisms underlying erythroblast nuclear condensation and enucleation, however, remain poorly understood. Here we show that Wdr26, a gene upregulated during terminal erythropoiesis, plays an essential role in regulating nuclear condensation in differentiating erythroblasts.

Wheat egg in vitro fusion with wheat and green bristlegrass sperm.

SummaryIsolated gametes can be used to investigate fertilization mechanisms, and probe distant hybridization between different species. Pollen grains of wheat and Setaria viridis are tricellular, containing sperm cells at anthesis. Sperm from these plants were isolated by breaking open pollen grains in a osmotic solution.

Calcium controls the formation of vacuoles from mitochondria to regulate microspore development in wheat.

Potassium antimonite was used to investigate the localisation of calcium in developing wheat anthers to examine the relationship between Ca and pollen development. During anther development, calcium precipitate formation increased in anther wall cells prior to microspore mother cell meiosis and appeared in microspores, suggesting the presence of a calcium influx from anther wall cells into the locule. Initially, the precipitates in microspore cytoplasm primarily accumulated in the mitochondria and destroyed their inner membranes (cisterns) to become small vacuoles, which expanded and fused, ultimately becoming a large vacuole during microspore vacuolisation.

[Stem characteristics of different wheat varieties and its relationship with lodging-resistance.].

Taking four outstanding varieties Aikang 58, Zhoumai 18, Yumai 49 and Bainong 418 from Huanghuai wheat area as test objects, the lodging-resistance traits of different varieties at different growth stages were investigated by combining field and laboratory methods. The results showed that stem mechanical strength was at a high level between flowering and 20 days after flowering, declined significantly in 30 days after flowering. The lodging index was minimal in flowering period, maximal in 30 days after flowering, and was at an intermediate level in the other two periods.