Molecular and immunohistochemical alterations in fluoride-induced neurological impediment in adult rats.

Unlabelled: This study highlights the potential neurotoxic and impaired behavioral effects associated with high fluoride concentrations in drinking water.

Purpose: Fluoride is known to cause neurotoxicity, evinced by lower I.Q.

Effect of naringin on sodium fluoride‑induced neurobehavioral deficits in Wistar rats.

There is a lack of treatment for the detrimental effects of fluorosis. Sodium fluoride at a concentration of 10 ppm induces stress, depression and memory impairment in adult Wistar rats. Naringin, a flavanone glycoside isolated from citrus fruits such as lemons and oranges, possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective properties; therefore, it was used for treatment of fluoride induced toxicity in the present study.

Barriers and Facilitators for the Donation and Acceptance of Human Breast milk: A Scoping Review.

Purpose Of Review: Human milk is the best source of nutrients for all infants. When a mother's own milk is unavailable, the World Health Organization suggests using donor human milk for premature neonates with or without medical complications. Exploring the barriers and facilitators for breast milk donation and its acceptability is essential for developing this intervention.

The fluorosis conundrum: bridging the gap between science and public health.

Fluorosis, a chronic condition brought on by excessive fluoride ingestion which, has drawn much scientific attention and public health concern. It is a complex and multifaceted issue that affects millions of people worldwide. Despite decades of scientific research elucidating the causes, mechanisms, and prevention strategies for fluorosis, there remains a significant gap between scientific understanding and public health implementation.

Plethysmograph Variability Index Values in Healthy Neonates - An Observational Pilot Study.

Objectives: To establish normative data of plethysmograph variability index (PVI), a simple non-invasive tool to measure fluid responsiveness, in neonates.

Methods: All healthy term and late preterm neonates were enrolled. PVI was recorded by pulse-oximeter on first three days of life along with other vital parameters.

Role of Flavonoids in Modulation of Mitochondria Dynamics during Oxidative Stress.

Background: Flavonoids are a widespread category of naturally occurring polyphenols distinguished by the flavan nucleus in plant-based foods and beverages, known for their various health benefits. Studies have suggested that consuming 150-500 mg of flavonoids daily is beneficial for health. Recent studies suggest that flavonoids are involved in maintaining mitochondrial activity and preventing impairment of mitochondrial dynamics by oxidative stress.

Correlation of Plethysmograph Variability Index with Inferior Vena Cava Index in Spontaneously Breathing Neonates - A Cross Sectional Study.

Inferior vena cava (IVC) indices are commonly used to assess the need for fluid bolus during shock. It needs expertise and is difficult to do during surgical procedures. Plethysmograph variability index (PVI) is a simpler non-invasive tool used to measure fluid responsiveness in adults.

Fluoride-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Approaches for Its Intervention.

Fluoride is present everywhere in nature. The primary way that individuals are exposed to fluoride is by drinking water. It's interesting to note that while low fluoride levels are good for bone and tooth growth, prolonged fluoride exposure is bad for human health.

Neuroprotective effect by naringin against fluorosis-induced neurodegeneration in adult Wistar rats.

Fluorosis is widespread in several areas of the world and including India leading to dental and skeletal fluorosis as well as neurological manifestations. With a limited number of treatment options available, we have tried to address the issue with a nutraceutical such as naringin which is an alkaloid derived from the citrus fruit. Naringin is a potent antioxidant and has neuroprotective action which can counteract the redox imbalance induced by sodium fluoride ingestion.

Respiratory infections in children born preterm in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review.

Context: Studies from high-income countries indicates that infants born preterm are at increased risk of respiratory infections; however in the low and middle-income countries (LMICs) data are limited. Our aim was to systematically review the studies evaluating the risk of respiratory infections in preterm children born in LMICs.

Methods: We searched Medline, PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, and Psych-INFO databases for studies reporting respiratory outcomes in children born preterm in LMICs.

Effect of Enteral Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) are critical for the maturation of the brain and retina. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a preventable cause of blindness in preterm infants. LCPUFA have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiangiogenesis effects.

Cognitive outcome in childhood of birth weight discordant monochorionic twins: the long-term effects of fetal growth restriction.

Aim: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with poorer outcomes in later life. We used a monochorionic twin model with IUGR in one twin to determine its impact on growth and neurocognitive outcomes.

Methods: Monochorionic twins with ≥20% birth weight discordance born in the north of England were eligible.

Residual brain injury after early discontinuation of cooling therapy in mild neonatal encephalopathy.

We examined the brain injury and neurodevelopmental outcomes in a prospective cohort of 10 babies with mild encephalopathy who had early cessation of cooling therapy. All babies had MRI and spectroscopy within 2 weeks after birth and neurodevelopmental assessment at 2 years. Cooling was prematurely discontinued at a median age of 9 hours (IQR 5-13) due to rapid clinical improvement.

Bifurcated Great Saphenous Vein: A Report on Its Therapeutic and Diagnostic Perspectives.

The great saphenous vein (GSV) is the longest superficial vein in the body extending from the medial malleolus to groin skin crease level. The clinical usage of GSV has made its anatomical variations noteworthy. Since many tributaries accompany it, GSV is often mistaken with the variant vein.

Bifurcated Bicipital Aponeurosis Giving Origin to Flexor and Extensor Muscles of the Forearm - A Case Report.

Bicipital aponeurosis is usually attached to the antebrachial fascia on the medial side of forearm and to posterior border of ulna assisting in the supination of the forearm along with biceps brachii muscle. Variations in the bicipital aponeurosis may lead to neurovascular compression as reported earlier. In the present case, the bicipital aponeurosis had two slips i.

Unilateral Double Great Saphenous Vein: A Clinically Significant Case Report.

Great saphenous vein (GSV) is the longest vein in the body originating from the dorsum of the foot at medial malleolus to the level of groin skin crease. It is one among the clinically significant superficial veins of the lower limb. Double or duplication of GSV is considered to be one of its rarest variant forms, which might be often mistaken with the accessory saphenous vein.

Atypical arterial supply to the spleen by polar branches of splenic artery and accessory splenic artery - a case report.

Vascular anomalies of the spleen are usually asymptomatic. However, variant anatomy of splenic artery becomes clinically important, when the patients undergo diagnostic angiography for gastrointestinal bleeding or during transcatheter therapy. We report here a concurrent variant arterial pattern of the spleen.

Absence of retromandibular vein associated with atypical formation of external jugular vein in the parotid region.

Veins of the head and neck exhibiting anatomical variations or malformations are clinically significant. Anatomical variation in the external jugular vein is very common. However, anatomical variation in the retromandibular vein is rare.

Presence of multiple tendinous insertions of palmaris longus: a unique variation of a retrogressive muscle.

Background: Palmaris longus, being the most variable muscle of the upper extremity is generally considered important morphologically rather than functionally. The palmar aponeurosis represents the distal part of the tendon of Palmaris longus.

Case Details: We report here a unique case of palmaris longus presenting variation distally as its tendon divides to gain multiple attachments with the fascia covering the abductor pollicis brevis, flexor retinaculum and the tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris.

Unique formation of sciatic nerve below the piriformis muscle - a case report.

Dorsal and ventral divisions of ventral rami of lower lumbar and sacral spinal nerve were found to pass ventral and dorsal to the piriformis muscle respectively. These divisions joined each other below the piriformis muscle to form sciatic nerve. This low formation of sciatic nerve was observed in distal part of left gluteal region of a 50-year-old male cadaver.

Variant origin of an arterial trunk from axillary artery continuing as profunda brachii artery--a unique arterial variation in the axilla and its clinical implications.

Background: Axillary artery is known to show different variations mostly in its branching pattern. Similarly, the origin of profunda brachii is often encountered with abnormality. Therefore, when the vascular variations in the upper limb persist, mostly it is confined to its branching pattern followed by its variant origin.

Analysis of the morphometry and variations in the extensor digitorum brevis muscle: an anatomic guide for muscle flap and tendon transfer surgical dissection.

The extensor digitorum brevis muscle (EDB) is a practical option for use as an island flap or free flap when reconstructing soft tissue defects in the ankle as well as in the entire lower limb. It is frequently used to correct crossover toe deformity and other painful toe disorders. We evaluated the morphometry of the EDB in 44 formalin-fixed limbs.

Bilateral additional slips of triceps brachii forming osseo-musculo-fibrous tunnels for ulnar nerves.

Rare additional slips of triceps brachii muscle was found bilaterally in a sixty two year old South Indian male cadaver during routine dissection of upper limb for undergraduate students at Melaka-Manipal Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India. On left side, the variant additional muscle slip took origin from the lower part of the medial intermuscular septum about 4 cm proximal to the medial humeral epicondyle. From its origin, the muscle fibres were passing over the ulnar nerve and were joining the triceps muscle to get inserted to the upper surface of olecranon process of ulna.

Unusual branching pattern of axillary artery associated with the high origin of ulnar artery.

Axillary artery is a continuation of subclavian artery, extending from the outer border of first rib to the lower border of teres major muscle. During routine dissection for the undergraduate medical students, a rare variations was seen in an approximately 55-year-old male cadaver. This case showed a variation in branching pattern of right axillary and subscapular arteries.

Epigenetic modifications and improved regulatory T-cell function in subjects undergoing dual sublingual immunotherapy.

Background: Allergen-specific immunotherapy is the only mode of therapy that has been demonstrated to offer a cure in patients with IgE-mediated respiratory allergies.

Objective: We sought to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of timothy grass (TG) and dust mite (DM) dual sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) and to begin to investigate the immune mechanisms involved in successful immunotherapy with multiple allergens.

Methods: The safety and efficacy of dual SLIT with TG and DM in children and adults with demonstrated allergies to TG and DM were investigated in a single-center, randomized, double-blind, controlled phase I study.