ENHANCED RECOVERY AFTER CAESAREAN SECTION - AN IMPROVED PATHWAY THAN CONVENTIONAL CARE FOR REDUCING HOSPITAL STAY.

Background: With the help of an evidence-based approach called "Enhanced Recovery After Surgery" (ERAS), patients can receive standardised perioperative care and recover more quickly. Many surgical specialities, such as orthopaedics, gynaecological onco-surgery, breast surgery, urology, and colorectal surgery, use ERAS protocols extensively. Improved postoperative recovery is beneficial in lowering hospital stays, and costs, and increasing patient satisfaction.

New Earthworm Record from Division Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan Supported by Molecular Markers.

Earthworm diversity and ecology in Pakistan is poorly known, especially in the region of Azad Jammu & Kashmir. An earthworm community survey assisted by genetic barcoding detected an unidentified species which could constitute a new record for Pakistan. Morphological study revealed its identity as Perelia kaznakovi.

Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Earthworm Species Collected from Different Soil Habitats of Poonch Division Azad Jammu and Kashmir Pakistan.

This study aims to analyze molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of earthworm species collected from different soil habitats of Poonch division Azad Kashmir Pakistan by using CO1 gene partial sequencing methodology. Samples gathered randomly from 18 study sites (127 localities) by digging and hand sorting methods were preserved in pure ethanol at -20°C. The modified CTAB (Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide) method extracted high quality DNA from region of representative earthworm's caudal region.

Frequency of psychological stress among women with new onset menstrual disorders amid corona pandemic lockdown.

Objectives: To determine the frequency of psychological stress and associated demographic factors among women with new onset menstrual disorders amid corona pandemic lockdown.

Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Pakistan Air Force Faisal Base Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan from 1 April 2020 to 31 July 2020. All women presented in the outpatient department or sought advice through telemedicine with new onset menstrual disorders during lockdown of COVID-19 were included.

Therapeutic Values of Earthworm Species Extract from Azad Kashmir as Anticoagulant, Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Agents.

Aims: Current research aimed to explore the therapeutic values of different earthworms as antibacterial, anticoagulant, and antioxidant agents.

Methods: Ten different earthworms, i.e.

Biological Activities and Secondary Metabolite Screening of Rumex hastatus Extract through Fourier Transform Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy.

Background: Human infectious diseases are caused by various pathogens including bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites, and protozoans. These infectious agents are controlled by using synthetic drugs as well as natural sources.

Objective: The aim of current study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of Rumex hastatus against clinical bacterial pathogens.

Phytochemical Screening, Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibition, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Potential of Ajuga bracteosa Extracts.

Background: Ajuga bracteosa, a medicinal herb, is used by local community to cure a number of diseases such as inflammation, jaundice bronchial asthma, cancer and diabetes.

Objectives: The aim of present work was to evaluate the antioxidant potential, in vitro antidiabetic and antimicrobial effects of A. bracteosa.

Use of Follicular Output Rate to Predict Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Outcome.

Background: The measurement of follicular output rate (FORT) has been proposed as a good indicator for evaluating follicular response to the exogenous recombinant folliclestimulating hormone (rFSH). This places FORT as a promising qualitative marker for ovarian function. The objective of the study was to determine FORT as a predictor of oocyte competence, embryo quality and clinical pregnancy after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).

Obstetrical referrals by traditional birth attendants.

Background: In Pakistan 90% of births are conducted by TBA's. In most cases, TBA's are unable to diagnose the complications and are often unable to take decisions on timely referral. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, nature and outcome of life threatening obstetrical conditions in referrals by Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs).

Near-miss obstetrical events and maternal deaths.

Objective: To determine the frequency of near-miss cases, nature of near-miss events and mortality among obstetric patients.

Study Design: Cross-sectional, observational study.

Place And Duration Of Study: The study was conducted in the Obstetric Unit of Fatima Hospital, Baqai Medical University, from January 2006 to December 2006.

Contraceptive knowledge, attitude and practice among rural women.

Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude regarding family planning and the practice of contraceptives among rural women.

Study Design: A cross-sectional observational study.

Place And Duration Of Study: The gynaecological outpatient clinic of Fatima Hospital, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, from July to December 2005.

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia causing clitoromegaly.

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) is caused by congenital insufficiency of the enzyme 21 - hydroxylase (21-OHD) in the cortisol synthesis pathway. Because of the virilizing effects of androgens over-production, affected girls develop clitoral hypertrophy. Three patients with CAH are discussed below along with their surgical management and follow-up.

Drug-induced hirsutism.

Hirsutism is a symptom or sign, which may have more serious associations than cosmetic and psychological concern alone, such as adrenal hyperplasia and ovarian tumor, particularly if it develops well after puberty. Some medicines having androgenic activity may also cause this problem. Here, we present a case of a young unmarried girl who was given anabolic steroid for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea which resulted in hirsutism.

Myasthenia gravis and pregnancy.

Myasthenia Gravis with pregnancy is a rare concomitance. This case report describes successful outcome of all pregnancies in a lady with this problem. The management is described.