New Earthworm Record from Division Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan Supported by Molecular Markers.

Earthworm diversity and ecology in Pakistan is poorly known, especially in the region of Azad Jammu & Kashmir. An earthworm community survey assisted by genetic barcoding detected an unidentified species which could constitute a new record for Pakistan. Morphological study revealed its identity as Perelia kaznakovi.

Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Earthworm Species Collected from Different Soil Habitats of Poonch Division Azad Jammu and Kashmir Pakistan.

This study aims to analyze molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of earthworm species collected from different soil habitats of Poonch division Azad Kashmir Pakistan by using CO1 gene partial sequencing methodology. Samples gathered randomly from 18 study sites (127 localities) by digging and hand sorting methods were preserved in pure ethanol at -20°C. The modified CTAB (Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide) method extracted high quality DNA from region of representative earthworm's caudal region.

Therapeutic Values of Earthworm Species Extract from Azad Kashmir as Anticoagulant, Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Agents.

Aims: Current research aimed to explore the therapeutic values of different earthworms as antibacterial, anticoagulant, and antioxidant agents.

Methods: Ten different earthworms, i.e.

Biological Activities and Secondary Metabolite Screening of Rumex hastatus Extract through Fourier Transform Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy.

Background: Human infectious diseases are caused by various pathogens including bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites, and protozoans. These infectious agents are controlled by using synthetic drugs as well as natural sources.

Objective: The aim of current study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of Rumex hastatus against clinical bacterial pathogens.

Phytochemical Screening, Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibition, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Potential of Ajuga bracteosa Extracts.

Background: Ajuga bracteosa, a medicinal herb, is used by local community to cure a number of diseases such as inflammation, jaundice bronchial asthma, cancer and diabetes.

Objectives: The aim of present work was to evaluate the antioxidant potential, in vitro antidiabetic and antimicrobial effects of A. bracteosa.