Randomized Trial of Self-Guided, Internet-Based, Cognitive Behavior Therapies for Migraine.

Background: Self-guided Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy (iCBT) for migraine interventions could improve access to care, but there is poor evidence of their efficacy.

Methods: A three-arm randomized controlled trial compared: iCBT focused on psychoeducation, self-monitoring and skills training (SPHERE), iCBT focused on identifying and managing personal headache triggers (PRISM) and a waitlist control. The primary treatment outcome was a ≥ 50% reduction in monthly headache days at 4 months post-randomization.

The die-hards, negotiators and migrants: Portraits of doctors' career pathways through specialisation.

Introduction: Global workforce shortages in medical specialties strain healthcare systems, jeopardising patient outcomes. Enhancing recruitment strategies by supporting professional identity (PI) development may be one way to address this workforce gap-yet little research has explored this topic. The goal of the current study was to explore specialty-specific recruitment through considering PI.

Key Learnings from the Development and Early Use of Global Guidance on the Integration of COVID-19 Vaccination into Broader Health Systems.

More than 13.5 billion COVID-19 vaccine doses were delivered between 2021 and 2023 through a mix of delivery platforms, with mass vaccination campaigns being the main approach. In 2022, with the continued circulation of SARS-CoV2 and the need for periodic boosters being most likely, countries were required to plan for more sustainable approaches to provide COVID-19 vaccinations.

An Online Psychological Program for Adolescents and Young Adults With Headaches: Iterative Design and Rapid Usability Testing.

Background: Headache disorders are common, debilitating health problems. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is recommended but rarely easily available. With the use of the internet and communication technologies among youth and young adults, these individuals could be self-trained in CBT skills.

Responding to the healthcare workforce shortage: A scoping review exploring anatomical pathologists' professional identities over time.

Anatomical pathology (AP) is an anatomy-centric medical specialty devoted to tissue-based diagnosis of disease. The field faces a current and predicted workforce shortage, likely increasing diagnostic wait times and delaying patient access to urgent treatment. A lack of AP exposure is proposed to preclude recruitment to the field, as medical students are afforded only a limited understanding of who a pathologist is and what they do (their professional identity/PI and role).

Sustainable financing for Immunization Agenda 2030.

Sustainable financing for immunization refers to the sufficient and predictable allocation and use of resources to support the achievement of immunization goals within the framework of overall health financing. The Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030) agenda spells out four important focus areas needed for sustainable financing: (1) ensuring sufficient and predictable resources, (2) making optimal use of resources, (3) aligning partnerships, and (4) supporting sustainable transitions from external assistance. This paper summarizes the evidence and proposes interventions under each area.

The additive effect of interpregnancy interval and maternal body mass index on pregnancy induced hypertension in the U.S.

Objectives: The incidence of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), one of the most frequent causes of maternal and neonatal morbidity, has increased significantly in the U.S. in last two decades.

Automation and control of laser wakefield accelerators using Bayesian optimization.

Laser wakefield accelerators promise to revolutionize many areas of accelerator science. However, one of the greatest challenges to their widespread adoption is the difficulty in control and optimization of the accelerator outputs due to coupling between input parameters and the dynamic evolution of the accelerating structure. Here, we use machine learning techniques to automate a 100 MeV-scale accelerator, which optimized its outputs by simultaneously varying up to six parameters including the spectral and spatial phase of the laser and the plasma density and length.

Gender differences in the association between mental health status, hypertension, and emergency department visits in the United States.

Hypertension has been found to be elevated in people with mental illness, and this comorbidity may lead to differential emergency department use by gender. Gender differences in this association were assessed using the 2016 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey ( = 20,443). A combined effect variable for mental health and hypertension was created for stratified, multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria on Mobile Phone Surface.

Background: With the introduction of multiple uses of mobile phones, including social networking sites, people are being addicted to the device. Most people carry the device to places which are loaded with possible pathogenic microorganisms such as toilets and washrooms, enabling the device to act as a potent fomite.

Aims And Objective: This study aims to determine the presence of potential pathogenic and multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria on the surface of mobile phones used by different occupational groups.

Pre-Pregnancy Intimate Partner Violence and Short Interbirth Interval: The Role of Insurance Status.

Short interbirth interval (IBI) has serious adverse health consequences, yet has an estimated prevalence of 35% in the United States. Similarly, intimate partner violence (IPV) around time of pregnancy, experienced by approximately 5% of women, is associated with increased risk of poor pregnancy outcomes. IPV might compromise women's decision-making, contributing to unintended pregnancy and short IBI.

The effects of human lactoferrin in experimentally induced systemic candidiasis.

. is responsible for several types of oral and systemic infections. In light of emerging resistance to antifungals, studies have demonstrated the antifungal effect of lactoferrin (LF), which is part of the innate immune system, has anticandidal activities.

Characterization of women with cervical cancer assisted at Inca by histological type.

Objective: To determine the distribution of sociodemographic, reproductive, clinical and lifestyle habits in the cohort of women diagnosed with cervical cancer, assisted at Inca between 2012 and 2014, according to the histological type.

Methods: Retrospective observational study of a hospital cohort of 1,004 women diagnosed with cervical cancer. Data were obtained from the Inca hospital cancer registry, physical and electronic records.

Intimate Partner Violence Around the Time of Pregnancy and Utilization of WIC Services.

Objectives: Intimate partner violence (IPV) around the time of pregnancy is a risk factor for adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. The supplemental nutrition program for women, infants, and children (WIC), available to low income pregnant women, may provide an opportunity to identify victims of IPV and refer them to services. This cross-sectional study aims to determine whether WIC participants are more likely than non-WIC participants to have reported IPV before or during pregnancy in the United States.

Short interpregnancy interval and adverse birth outcomes in women of advanced age: a population-based study.

Purpose: Short interpregnancy interval (IPI) has been linked with adverse birth outcomes. However, the association in advanced age women needs further investigation. This study aims to examine the association between short IPI and adverse birth outcomes including preterm birth, post-term birth, low birth weight, and macrosomia, in a population of advanced age U.

The Associations Between Mental Health Status, Hypertension, and Hospital Inpatient Visits in Women in the United States.

Background: Poor mental health status is more prevalent in women and may be related to poor hypertension outcomes and increased hospital inpatient visits. This study aims to find the association between mental health status and hypertension in women and the combined effect of mental health status and hypertension on hospital inpatient visits in women in the United States.

Methods: The household component of 2014 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys (MEPS) was analyzed (N = 9,137).

Knowledge of Breastfeeding Recommendations and Breastfeeding Duration: A Survival Analysis on Infant Feeding Practices II.

Background: According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life followed by breastfeeding with complementary food for up to 2 years of age or beyond. Knowledge of breastfeeding recommendations may greatly influence breastfeeding practices; however, the association between a woman's knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding recommendations and breastfeeding duration is not well explored. This study aims to examine the relationship between knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding recommendations before birth and breastfeeding duration.

A Systematic Review of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Behavioral Activation Apps for Depression.

Depression is a common mental health condition for which many mobile apps aim to provide support. This review aims to identify self-help apps available exclusively for people with depression and evaluate those that offer cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) or behavioural activation (BA). One hundred and seventeen apps have been identified after searching both the scientific literature and the commercial market.

Racial Differences and the Role of Marital Status in the Association Between Intimate Partner Violence and Unintended Pregnancy.

More than half of all pregnancies in the U.S. are unintended which may lead to poor health outcomes.

Diabetic Lactoferrin Deficient Mice Demonstrates Greater Susceptibility to Experimental Periodontal Disease.

The objective of this study is to detrmine whether alloxan-induced diabetic Lactoferrin knockout (LFKO) mice are more susceptible to periodontal disease caused by compared to the diabetic wild-type (WT) mice. Diabetes was induced in mice by a single dose of alloxan (60 mg/kg) injected intravenously. Mice were categorized as diabetic when blood glucose levels >250 mg/dL were measured on the 7 day after the injection.

A Systematic Review Exploring the Social Cognitive Theory of Self-Regulation as a Framework for Chronic Health Condition Interventions.

Background: Theory is often recommended as a framework for guiding hypothesized mechanisms of treatment effect. However, there is limited guidance about how to use theory in intervention development.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review to provide an exemplar review evaluating the extent to which use of theory is identified and incorporated within existing interventions.

Testing the Feasibility and Psychometric Properties of a Mobile Diary (myWHI) in Adolescents and Young Adults With Headaches.

Background: Headaches are prevalent among teens and young adults. Self-monitoring is essential for managing headaches and can be accomplished with the help of electronic headache diaries. An increasing number of electronic headache diaries exist, yet the absence of quality standards compromises their use for research and clinical purposes.

[Inequalities in prenatal care in a southeastern city in Brazil].

The scope of this article is to evaluate the association between adequate prenatal care and sociodemographic variables in Niterói in the state of Rio de Janeiro. It involved a cross-sectional study conducted between 2000 and 2009 evaluating 62,449 live births using data from the Brazilian Live Birth Information System (SINASC). Multivariate analysis by logistic regression was performed considering quantitatively adequate prenatal care - seven or more visits - as the dependent variable, and maternal age, educational level and skin color as independent variables.

Arm control recovery enhanced by error augmentation.

Here we present results where nineteen stroke survivors with chronic hemiparesis simultaneously employed the trio of patient, therapist, and machine. Massed practice combined with error augmentation, where haptic (robotic forces) and graphic (visual display) distortions are used to enhance the feedback of error, was compared to massed practice alone. The 6-week randomized crossover design involved approximately 60 minutes of daily treatment three times per week for two weeks, followed by one week of rest, and then repeated using the alternate treatment protocol.

Establishment of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 bistability and sustained activation through Sprouty 2 and its relevance for epithelial function.

Our objective was to establish an experimental model of a self-sustained and bistable extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling process. A single stimulation of cells with cytokines causes rapid ERK1/2 activation, which returns to baseline in 4 h. Repeated stimulation leads to sustained activation of ERK1/2 but not Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK), p38, or STAT6.