Meta-analysis and systematic review of mediastinal cryobiopsy versus endobronchial ultrasound-transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) in the diagnosis of intrathoracic adenopathy.

Background: Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)-guided mediastinal/hilar cryobiopsy (MedCryoBx) is a relatively new modality, being combined with EBUS-transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) to improve yield in the diagnosis of intrathoracic adenopathy. This meta-analysis aims to investigate the diagnostic yield of MedCryoBx versus EBUS-TBNA for intrathoracic adenopathy.

Methods: We conducted a systematic search using Google Scholar, Embase, and PubMed/MEDLINE for studies about a diagnosis of intrathoracic adenopathy using MedCryoBx and EBUS-TBNA.

A 73-Year-Old Man with Shortness of Breath, Edema, and Weight Gain.

AbstractMorning Report is a time-honored tradition where physicians-in-training present cases to their colleagues and clinical experts to collaboratively examine an interesting patient presentation. The Morning Report section seeks to carry on this tradition by presenting a patient's chief concern and story, inviting the reader to develop a differential diagnosis and discover the diagnosis alongside the authors of the case.This report examines the story of a 73-year-old man who sought evaluation for 1 month of shortness of breath, bilateral lower-extremity edema, and weight gain of 14 kg.

Use of high frequency electrorotation to identify cytoplasmic changes in cells non-disruptively.

In this paper we demonstrate how the use of frequencies ranging from 50 kHz to 5 GHz in the analysis of cells by electrorotation can open the path to the identification of differences not detectable by conventional set-ups. Earlier works usually reported electrorotation devices operating below 20 MHz, limiting the response obtained to properties associated with the cell membrane. Those devices are thus unable to resolve the physiological properties in the cytoplasm.

Nuclear waste Educator's workshop: What and how do we teach about nuclear waste?

A workshop was held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) on July 25th and 26th, 2022. The objective was to develop a blueprint for educating next-generation engineers and scientists about nuclear waste management and disposal, which requires knowledge from diverse disciplines, including nuclear, chemical, civil, environmental, and geological science and engineering. The 49 participants included university professors, researchers, industry experts, and government officials from different areas.

Toward point-of-care diagnostics: Running enzymatic assays on a photonic waveguide-based sensor chip with a portable, benchtop measurement system.

We demonstrate a portable, compact system to perform absorption-based enzymatic assays at a visible wavelength of 639 nm on a photonic waveguide-based sensor chip, suitable for lab-on-a-chip applications. The photonic design and fabrication of the sensor are described, and a detailed overview of the portable measurement system is presented. In this publication, we use an integrated photonic waveguide-based absorbance sensor to run a full enzymatic assay.

Tele-visits for GERD: "Ecofriendly, efficient and effective".

Background And Aim: Sars-CoV-19 pandemic necessitated a transition to telemedicine for many healthcare encounters. The environmental impact of this transition in gastroenterology (GI) combined with user experience has not been studied.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent telemedicine visits (telephone and video) at a GI clinic at West Virginia University.

Unraveling the impact of nano-scaling on silicon field-effect transistors for the detection of single-molecules.

Electrolyte-gated silicon field-effect transistors (FETs) capable of detecting single molecules could enable high-throughput molecular sensing chips to advance, for example, genomics or proteomics. For solid-gated silicon FETs it is well-known that nano-scaled devices become sensitive to single elementary charges near the silicon-oxide interface. However, in electrolyte-gated FETs, electrolyte screening strongly reduces sensitivity to charges near the gate oxide.

Electric field gradient focusing with electro-osmotic flow to reduce analyte dispersion: Concept and numerical investigation.

In proteomics, the need to precisely examine the protein compounds of small samples, requires sensitive analytical methods which can separate and enrich compounds with high precision. Current techniques require a minimal analysis time to obtain satisfactory compound separation where longer analysis time means better separation of compounds. But, molecular diffusion will create broadening of the separated compound bands over time, increasing the peak width, and thus reducing the resolution and the enrichment.

Amplification Efficiency and Template Accessibility as Distinct Causes of Rain in Digital PCR: Monte Carlo Modeling and Experimental Validation.

Partitions in digital PCR (dPCR) assays do not reach the detection threshold at the same time. This heterogeneity in amplification results in intermediate endpoint fluorescence values (i.e.

Patella-Femoral Joint Revision Surgery Following a Rare and Interesting Case of Implant Failure: A Case Report and Retrospective Analysis of Our Hospitals Implant Data.

According to the national joint registry, patello-femoral joint (PFJ) replacement accounts for 1% of all knee arthroplasty procedures in the UK, 1014 of which were performed in 2018. The femoro-patella vialla (FPV) implant by MicroPort orthopaedics has a high reported rate of revision, more than four times that of other knee replacements. The mechanisms of failure are usually loss of fixation at the bone-implant interface.

The Association of "GOOP" on Gross Examination of Fine Needle Aspiration Samples and On-Site Adequacy.

Background: Rapid on-site cytologic evaluation (ROSE) is not always available for fine needle aspiration (FNA) specimens. We have examined the relationships between the presence of "GOOP" (defined as gooey white material) on FNA aspirates, on-site adequacy (OSA), and diagnosis.

Methods: Consecutive FNA samples obtained over the study interval were included.

Waveguide-based absorption measurement system for visible wavelength applications.

We present a miniaturized waveguide-based absorption measurement system operating at a wavelength of 635 nm, based on a silicon nitride integrated photonic platform, suitable for lab-on-chip applications. We experimentally demonstrate a high correlation between the bulk dye concentration and the measured absorption loss levels in the waveguides. We explain a photonic design process for choosing the ideal waveguide to minimize the coefficient of variation on the analyte concentration.

Rapid On-Site Cytologic Evaluation: A Feasibility Study Using Ancillary Interventional Pulmonary Personnel.

Background: Ancillary health professionals helping in a procedural service is a common practice everywhere.

Objectives: This was a proof-of-concept study to assess feasibility of using ancillary personnel for rapid on-site cytologic evaluation (ROSE) at interventional pulmonary procedures.

Methods: After a training interval, a respiratory therapist (RT) performed ROSE on consecutive interventional pulmonary specimens.

The Significance of Nonlinear Screening and the pH Interference Mechanism in Field-Effect Transistor Molecular Sensors.

Electrolyte screening is well known for its detrimental impact on the sensitivity of liquid-gated field-effect transistor (FET) molecular sensors and is mostly described by the linearized Debye-Hückel model. However, charged and pH-sensitive FET sensing surfaces can limit the FET molecular sensitivity beyond the Debye-Hückel screening formalism. Pre-existing surface charges can lead to the breakdown of Debye-Hückel screening and induce enhanced nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann screening.

Rapid Quantification of Plasma Creatinine Using a Novel Kinetic Enzymatic Assay.

Background: Enzymatic assays are among the most common diagnostic tests performed in the clinical laboratory. Enzymatic substrate analysis is most commonly measured using endpoint methods; however, modulating the reaction kinetics allows fine control of the reaction rate, which can be adjusted based on specific monitoring technologies.

Methods: We developed and optimized an enzymatic method for measurement of creatinine in plasma, using commonly paired enzymes of creatininase (Crtnnase), creatinase (Crtase), sarcosine oxidase (SOX), ascorbate oxidase (AOX), and horseradish peroxidase (HRP).

Tracheobronchial stent sizing and deployment practices airway stenting practices around the world: a survey study.

Background: Tracheobronchial stents types, uses, techniques for deployment and extraction have practice variations around the world.

Methods: We collected responses by sending an online survey of 8 questions to world interventional bronchology member societies and social media groups.

Results: There were 269 respondents from 47 countries.

Label-Free and Real-Time Detection of Tuberculosis in Human Urine Samples Using a Nanophotonic Point-of-Care Platform.

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading global cause of death from a single infectious agent. Registered incidence rates are low, especially in low-resource countries with weak health systems, due to the disadvantages of current diagnostic techniques. A major effort is directed to develop a point-of-care (POC) platform to reduce TB deaths with a prompt and reliable low-cost technique.

A force sensor that converts fluorescence signal into force measurement utilizing short looped DNA.

A force sensor concept is presented where fluorescence signal is converted into force information via single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET). The basic design of the sensor is a ~100 base pair (bp) long double stranded DNA (dsDNA) that is restricted to a looped conformation by a nucleic acid secondary structure (NAS) that bridges its ends. The looped dsDNA generates a tension across the NAS and unfolds it when the tension is high enough.

Characterisation of proteins in excretory/secretory products collected from salmon lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis.

Background: The salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, is an ectoparasitic copepod which feeds on the mucus, skin and blood of salmonid fish species. The parasite can persist on the surface of the fish without any effective control being exerted by the host immune system. Other ectoparasitic invertebrates produce compounds in their saliva, excretions and/or secretions which modulate the host immune responses allowing them to remain on or in the host during development.

Maternal inheritance of deltamethrin resistance in the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer) is associated with unique mtDNA haplotypes.

Parasitic infections by the salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer), cause huge economic damage in salmon farming in the northern hemisphere, with combined treatment costs and production losses in 2014 having been estimated at US$ 350 million for Norway (annual production 1.25 million tonnes). The control of L.

A comparison of disease susceptibility and innate immune response between diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) siblings following experimental infection with Neoparamoeba perurans, causative agent of amoebic gill disease.

Few studies have focussed on the health and immunity of triploid Atlantic salmon and therefore much is still unknown about their response to commercially significant pathogens. This is important if triploid stocks are to be considered for full-scale commercial production. This study aimed to investigate and compare the response of triploid and diploid Atlantic salmon to an experimental challenge with Neoparamoeba perurans, causative agent of amoebic gill disease (AGD).

A practical guide to studying G-quadruplex structures using single-molecule FRET.

In this article, we summarize the knowledge and best practices learned from bulk and single-molecule measurements to address some of the frequently experienced difficulties in single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) measurements on G-quadruplex (GQ) structures. The number of studies that use smFRET to investigate the structure, function, dynamics, and interactions of GQ structures has grown significantly in the last few years, with new applications already in sight. However, a number of challenges need to be overcome before reliable and reproducible smFRET data can be obtained in measurements that include GQ.

A Comparative Study of G-Quadruplex Unfolding and DNA Reeling Activities of Human RECQ5 Helicase.

RECQ5 is one of five members of the RecQ family of helicases in humans, which include RECQ1, Bloom (BLM), Werner (WRN), RECQ4, and RECQ5. Both WRN and BLM have been shown to resolve G-quadruplex (GQ) structures. Deficiencies in unfolding GQ are known to result in DNA breaks and genomic instability, which are prominent in Werner and Bloom syndromes.