The Plasma Cell Infiltrate Populating the Muscle Tissue of Patients with Inclusion Body Myositis Features Distinct B Cell Receptor Repertoire Properties.

Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is an autoimmune and degenerative disorder of skeletal muscle. The B cell infiltrates in IBM muscle tissue are predominantly fully differentiated Ab-secreting plasma cells, with scarce naive or memory B cells. The role of this infiltrate in the disease pathology is not well understood.

Assessing Risk of Severe Complications after Endoscopic Transnasal Transsphenoidal Surgery: A Comparison of Frailty, American Society of Anesthesiologists, and Comorbidity Scores.

 This study aimed to improve age-independent risk stratification for patients undergoing endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal (TNTS) approach to pituitary mass resection by investigating the associations between frailty, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), and comorbidity scores with severe complications following TNTS.  This study is a retrospective review.  This review was conducted utilizing the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database.

Adequate short- and long-term pain control with non-opiate analgesics after microdirect laryngoscopy.

Objective: In otolaryngology, it is important to minimize the use of opioids for post-operative analgesia given the rise in opioid abuse and mortality due to overdose in the United States. We sought to quantitatively determine the efficacy of non-opiate analgesia in postoperative pain management after microdirect laryngoscopy (MDL).

Methods: This is a single institution prospective study monitoring post-operative pain using a visual analog scale (VAS, 1-10).

Factors Affecting Posterior Glottic Stenosis Surgery Outcomes: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objectives: To investigate surgical adjuncts (stents) and previous surgeries on outcomes from posterior glottic stenosis (PGS).

Methods: PubMED/Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched for publications on adult patients undergoing surgery for PGS. Decannulation and need for additional surgeries were evaluated as outcomes.

CD4+ follicular regulatory T cells optimize the influenza virus-specific B cell response.

CD4+ follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells control B cell responses through the modulation of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and germinal center development while suppressing autoreactivity; however, their role in the regulation of productive germinal center B cell responses and humoral memory is incompletely defined. We show that Tfr cells promote antigen-specific germinal center B cell responses upon influenza virus infection. Following viral challenge, we found that Tfr cells are necessary for robust generation of virus-specific, long-lived plasma cells, antibody production against both hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), the two major influenza virus glycoproteins, and appropriate regulation of the BCR repertoire.

Sequencing of Sclerosing Microcystic Adenocarcinoma Identifies Mutational Burden and Somatic Variants Associated With Tumorigenesis.

Background/aim: Sclerosing microcystic adenocarcinoma (SMA) is a rare oral cavity neoplasia, histologically resembling microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) of the skin. Only nine SMA cases have been reported in the literature, frequently in the context of immunosuppression; SMA has not been recognized in the most recent WHO tumor classification. We sought to identify potential molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis in a case of SMA relative to those known for MAC.

A Review of Telemedicine Applications in Otorhinolaryngology: Considerations During the Coronavirus Disease of 2019 Pandemic.

Objective/hypothesis: Review the published literature of telemedicine's use within otorhinolaryngology (ORL), highlight its successful implementation, and document areas with need of future research.

Study Design: State of the Art Review.

Methods: Three independent, comprehensive searches for articles published on the subject of telemedicine in ORL were conducted of literature available from January 2000 to April 2020.

A Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience Analysis of Upper Aerodigestive Endoscopy Contamination: Is Flexible Laryngoscopy Different?

Objectives/hypothesis: Several recent studies have observed a high incidence of duodenoscope microbial contamination and an association of contamination with healthcare-acquired infections. This study sought to quantify nasopharyngoscope microbial contamination relative to that of other endoscope categories and characterize the manufacturers, outcomes, and microbial profiles associated with these cases.

Study Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional study.