DNA isolation and genome sequence of the 134-year-old holotype specimen of Peck.

Molecular characterization of type specimens is a powerful tool used in clarifying species identity/circumscription, as well as establishing the taxonomic and phylogenetic status of organisms in question. However, DNA sequencing of aged herbarium collections can be a challenge due to the quantity and quality of DNA still present in the specimens. Herein, we report a custom DNA isolation protocol suitable for processing minute quantities of old specimen tissue and its utilization via high-throughput sequencing technologies to obtain, for the first time, the genome assembly of the 134-year-old holotype of Peck, a North American fleshy pored mushroom of taxonomic and historical significance.

An Unexpectedly High Number of New (Boletaceae) Species From Northern and Northeastern Thailand.

is a poroid genus in Boletaceae that typically has chocolate brown to reddish brown or purplish brown basidiomata with a finely scaly stipe and produces a reddish brown spore deposit. During the survey on diversity of boletes in Northern and Northeastern Thailand, several collections were obtained. Combined evidence from morphology and phylogenetic analyses of a combined three-gene data set (6, 1 and 2) of the collections along with selected Boletaceae in the group indicated that Thai collections represent seven new species.

Squamanitaceae and three new species of Squamanita parasitic on Amanita basidiomes.

The systematic position of the enigmatically mycoparasitic genus Squamanita (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) together with Cystoderma, Phaeolepiota, Floccularia, and Leucopholiota is largely unknown. Recently they were recognized as Squamanitaceae, but previous studies used few DNA markers from a restricted sample of taxa from the family and lacked a formal taxonomic treatment. In this study, with newly generated sequences of the type of the genus Squamanita, S.

Two new species (Boletaceae) from Thailand, with two new combinations of American species.

is a lamellate genus in the family Boletaceae that has been recently described from China based on , the only known species. Typical characters of are reddish-orange to yellowish-red basidiomata, including lamellae, bright yellow basal mycelium and smooth, broadly ellipsoid, ellipsoid to nearly ovoid basidiospores. During our survey on diversity of Boletaceae in Thailand, several yellowish-orange to reddish- or brownish-orange lamellate boletes were collected.

Phylogeny, biogeography and taxonomic re-assessment of Multifurca (Russulaceae, Russulales) using three-locus data.

Multifurca is a small genus newly established to accommodate lactarioid and russuloid species with some characters reminiscent of corticoid members of Russulaceae. It shows an amphi-pacific distribution with strong preference for the tropical zone of the Northern Hemisphere and thus has particular significance for biogeographical study. Using worldwide samples and three loci (ITS, 28S rDNA and rpb2), we demonstrated that Multifurca is split into two highly supported major clades that are here recognized at the subgeneric level: subg.

A global view of Gyroporus: molecular phylogenetics, diversity patterns, and new species.

Gyroporus (Gyroporaceae, Boletales) is a highly diverse genus of poroid ectomycorrhizal mushrooms with a nearly worldwide distribution. Previous attempts to unravel the diversity within this genus proved difficult due to the presence of semicryptic species and ambiguous results from analysis of ribosomal RNA markers. In this study, we employ a combined morphotaxonomic and phylogenetic approach to delimit species and elucidate geographic and evolutionary patterns in Gyroporus.

The Macrofungi Collection Consortium.

Premise Of The Study: The Macrofungi Collection Consortium (MaCC) is a digitization project funded by the National Science Foundation's Advancing Digitization of Biodiversity Collections program. The main scientific objective of the MaCC project was to provide baseline data for determining the extent and distribution of macrofungal diversity.

Methods And Results: Between 2012 and 2017, 39 participating institutions digitized approximately 1,250,000 specimens of macrofungi from U.

New Porcini (Boletus sect. Boletus) from Australia and Thailand.

Boletus albobrunnescens and B. austroedulis are described as new species in section Boletus from Thailand and Australia respectively. The former is easily characterized by the pure white basidiomata that stain brown.

Phylogenetic overview of the Boletineae.

The generic and sub-generic relationships in the Boletineae (Boletales) were studied using nuclear large subunit (nuc-lsu), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1), and DNA directed RNA polymerase largest subunit (RPB1). The Boletineae, with the exclusion of Hydnomerulius pinastri, was strongly supported and the status of the families Boletaceae and Paxillaceae is discussed. Members of the genus Boletus are found throughout the phylogeny, with the majority not closely related to the type species, Boletus edulis.

Australasian sequestrate fungi 18: Solioccasus polychromus gen. & sp. nov., a richly colored, tropical to subtropical, hypogeous fungus.

Solioccasus polychromus gen. & sp. nov.

Sutorius: a new genus for Boletus eximius.

Sutorius is described as a new genus of Boletaceae to accommodate Boletus robustus originally named illegitimately by C.C. Frost from eastern North America.

Molecular phylogenetics of porcini mushrooms (Boletus section Boletus).

Porcini (Boletus section Boletus: Boletaceae: Boletineae: Boletales) are a conspicuous group of wild, edible mushrooms characterized by fleshy fruiting bodies with a poroid hymenophore that is "stuffed" with white hyphae when young. Their reported distribution is with ectomycorrhizal plants throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Little progress has been made on the systematics of this group using modern molecular phylogenetic tools because sampling has been limited primarily to European species and the genes employed were insufficient to resolve the phylogeny.

Study on species of phylloporus I: Neotropics and North America.

Seventeen out of the 24 taxa of Phylloporus (Boletaceae) known from the Neotropics are presented here. Complete descriptions, illustrations and a key to the 17 species are provided. Phylloporus alborufus is newly described, and an unnamed species is also described from Costa Rican oak forests.

Fistulinella cinereoalba sp. nov. and new distribution records for Austroboletus from Guyana.

Fistulinella cinereoalba sp. nov., Austroboletus rostrupii, previously known from southeastern Asia, and Austroboletus festivus from Brazilian Amazonia are described for the first time from the Guiana Shield.

New species of Boletellus from Guyana.

Boletellus exiguus sp. nov. and Boletellus dicymbophilus sp.

Pacific boletes: implications for biogeographic relationships.

The obligate association of boletes with their plant partners is critical to understanding biogeographic distribution of these fungi. Only in rare instances are boletes not obligatory associates of plants; the majority are presumed or proven partners in obligate symbioses with a variety of plants. The array of plant-associated distributions provides a potential handle for evaluating bolete distribution on a global scale.

Tylopilus orsonianus sp. nov. and Tylopilus eximius from Guyana.

Tylopilus orsonianus sp. nov. and Tylopilus eximius (Boletaceae, Basidiomycota) are described for the first time from the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana.

A new genus of Boletaceae from eastern North America.

Bothia is described as a new genus in the Boletaceae based on Boletinus castanellus described by C.H. Peck from eastern North America.

Morphological and molecular evidence supporting an arbutoid mycorrhizal relationship in the Costa Rican páramo.

This study examines evidence for a particular arbutoid mycorrhizal interaction in páramo, a high-altitude neotropical ecosystem important in hydrological regulation but poorly known in terms of its fungal communities. Comarostaphylis arbutoides Lindley (Ericaceae) often forms dense thickets in Central American páramo habitats. Based on phylogenetic classification, it has been suggested that C.

Leccinum (boletaceae) in costa rica.

Complete descriptions, illustrations, distributions and a key to species are provided for the eight known Costa Rican species of Leccinum. Leccinum tablense is newly described from oak forests, and Leccinum monticola is newly described from the páramo and adjacent timberline oak forests where it appears to be associated with Comarostaphylis arbutoides-a member of the Ericaceae. All are compared to similar taxa.