Machine learning approach for obstructive sleep apnea screening using brain diffusion tensor imaging.

Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) show autonomic, mood, cognitive, and breathing dysfunctions that are linked to increased morbidity and mortality, which can be improved with early screening and intervention. The gold standard and other available methods for OSA diagnosis are complex, require whole-night data, and have significant wait periods that potentially delay intervention. Our aim was to examine whether using faster and less complicated machine learning models, including support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF), with brain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data can classify OSA from healthy controls.

Doublecortin-like kinase 1 is a therapeutic target in squamous cell carcinoma.

Doublecortin like kinase 1 (DCLK1) plays a crucial role in several cancers including colon and pancreatic adenocarcinomas. However, its role in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) remains unknown. To this end, we examined DCLK1 expression in head and neck SCC (HNSCC) and anal SCC (ASCC).

Low-dose lithium supplementation promotes adipose tissue browning and sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca ATPase uncoupling in muscle.

Sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase (SERCA) uncoupling in skeletal muscle and mitochondrial uncoupling via uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in brown/beige adipose tissue are two mechanisms implicated in energy expenditure. Here, we investigated the effects of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) inhibition via lithium chloride (LiCl) treatment on SERCA uncoupling in skeletal muscle and UCP1 expression in adipose. C2C12 and 3T3-L1 cells treated with LiCl had increased SERCA uncoupling and UCP1 protein levels, respectively, ultimately raising cellular respiration; however, this was only observed when LiCl treatment occurred throughout differentiation.

SARS-CoV-2 infection and diabetes: Pathophysiological mechanism of multi-system organ failure.

Since the discovery of the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak, a vast majority of studies have been carried out that confirmed the worst outcome of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in people with preexisting health conditions, including diabetes, obesity, hypertension, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Likewise, diabetes itself is one of the leading causes of global public health concerns that impose a heavy global burden on public health as well as socio-economic development. Both diabetes and SARS-CoV-2 infection have their independent ability to induce the pathogenesis and severity of multi-system organ failure, while the co-existence of these two culprits can accelerate the rate of disease progression and magnify the severity of the disease.

Dipole and quadrupole nonparaxial solitary waves.

The cubic nonlinear Helmholtz equation with third and fourth order dispersion and non-Kerr nonlinearity, such as the self steepening and the self frequency shift, is considered. This model describes nonparaxial ultrashort pulse propagation in an optical medium in the presence of spatial dispersion originating from the failure of slowly varying envelope approximation. We show that this system admits periodic (elliptic) solitary waves with a dipole structure within a period and also a transition from a dipole to quadrupole structure within a period depending on the value of the modulus parameter of a Jacobi elliptic function.

Effects of Alternating Electric Field Assisted Freezing-Thawing-Aging Sequence on Data-Independent Acquisition Quantitative Proteomics of Muscle.

This study was designed to investigate the differences in the proteomes of bovine (LD) muscle during an alternating electric field (AEF)-assisted freezing-thawing-aging sequence based on a data-independent acquisition strategy. When compared to that of the only postmortem aging (OA) group, the meat quality of the freezing-thawing-aging sequence (FA) and AEF-assisted freezing-thawing-aging sequence (EA) groups showed a declining trend. However, the group assisted by AEF was significantly enhanced in color, water-holding capacity, and tenderness.

Examining the relationship between land surface temperature and landscape features using spectral indices with Google Earth Engine.

Land surface temperature (LST) is strongly influenced by landscape features as they change the thermal characteristics of the surface greatly. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), and Normalized Difference Bareness Index (NDBAI) correspond to vegetation cover, water bodies, impervious build-ups, and bare lands, respectively. These indices were utilized to demonstrate the relationship between multiple landscape features and LST using the spectral indices derived from images of Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM), and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) of Sylhet Sadar Upazila (2000-2018).

M6A RNA Methylation-Based Epitranscriptomic Modifications in Plasticity-Related Genes via miR-124-C/EBPα-FTO-Transcriptional Axis in the Hippocampus of Learned Helplessness Rats.

Background: Impaired synaptic plasticity has been linked to dynamic gene regulatory network changes. Recently, gene regulation has been introduced with the emerging concept of unique N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-based reversible transcript methylation. In this study, we tested whether m6A RNA methylation may potentially serve as a link between the stressful insults and altered expression of plasticity-related genes.

Association of the characteristics of the blood metabolome and gut microbiome with the outcome of methotrexate therapy in psoriasis.

Metabolic status and gut microecology are implicated in psoriasis. Methotrexate (MTX) is usually the first-line treatment for this disease. However, the relationship between MTX and host metabolic status and the gut microbiota is unclear.

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Activator Augments the Beneficial Effects of Empagliflozin in Mice with Diabetes-Associated HFpEF.

To ameliorate diabetes mellitus-associated heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), we plan to lower diabetes-mediated oxidative stress-induced 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE) accumulation by pharmacological agents that either decrease 4HNE generation or increase its detoxification.A cellular reactive carbonyl species (RCS), 4HNE, was significantly increased in diabetic hearts due to a diabetes-induced decrease in 4HNE detoxification by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) 2, a cardiac mitochondrial enzyme that metabolizes 4HNE. Therefore, hyperglycemia-induced 4HNE is critical for diabetes-mediated cardiotoxicity and we hypothesize that lowering 4HNE ameliorates diabetes-associated HFpEF.

Regional variation in brain tissue texture in patients with tonic-clonic seizures.

Patients with epilepsy, who later succumb to sudden unexpected death, show altered brain tissue volumes in selected regions. It is unclear whether the alterations in brain tissue volume represent changes in neurons or glial properties, since volumetric procedures have limited sensitivity to assess the source of volume changes (e.g.

The Influence of Vacuum Packaging of Hot-Boned Lamb at Early Postmortem Time on Meat Quality during Postmortem Chilled Storage.

To evaluate the effects of early postmortem vacuum packaging (VP) on meat quality during postmortem chilled storage, hot-boned lamb was vacuum-packaged at 1, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h postmortem and stored around 2°C until 168 h postmortem, with lamb packaged in plastic wrap as the control (aerobic packaging). Intramuscular pH decline was delayed when lamb was vacuum packaged at 1, 6, and 12 h postmortem (p<0.05).

Cu(II)-Based Coordination Polymer as a Pristine Form Usable Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Experimental Evaluation and Theoretical Insights into Biomimetic Mechanistic Aspects.

As the postsynthesis-processed metal-organic material-based catalysts for energy applications add additional cost to the whole process, the importance of developing synthesized usable pristine catalysts is quite evident. The present work reports a new Cu-based coordination polymer (Cu-CP) catalyst to be used in its pristine form for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) application. The catalyst was characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy.

Prodrugs of Nucleoside 5'-Monophosphate Analogues: Overview of the Recent Literature Concerning their Synthesis and Applications.

Nucleoside analogues are widely used as anti-infectious and antitumoral agents. However, their clinical use may face limitations associated with their physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetic parameters, and/or their peculiar mechanisms of action. Indeed, once inside the cells, nucleoside analogues require to be metabolized into their corresponding (poly-)phosphorylated derivatives, mediated by cellular and/or viral kinases, in order to interfere with nucleic acid biosynthesis.

Sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase function is impaired in skeletal and cardiac muscles from young DBA/2J mdx mice.

The DBA/2J (D2) mouse is a more severe model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy when compared to the traditional C57BL/10 (C57) mouse. Here, we questioned whether sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase (SERCA) function would differ in muscles from young D2 and C57 mice. Both D2 and C57 mice exhibited signs of impaired Ca uptake in the gastrocnemius, diaphragm, and left ventricle; however, the level of impairment was more severe in D2 mice.

Study of Fractional Order SEIR Epidemic Model and Effect of Vaccination on the Spread of COVID-19.

In this manuscript, a fractional order model with vaccination has been proposed. The positivity and boundedness of the solutions have been verified. The stability analysis of the model shows that the system is locally as well as globally asymptotically stable at disease-free equilibrium point when < 1 and at epidemic equilibrium when .

A hydro-thermophoretic trap for microparticles near a gold-coated substrate.

Optical tweezers have revolutionised micromanipulation from physics and biology to material science. However, the high laser power involved in optical trapping can damage biological samples. In this context, indirect trapping of microparticles and objects using fluid flow fields has assumed great importance.

Modelling the Economic Impact of lnfluenza Vaccine Programs with the Cell-Based Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine and Adjuvanted Trivalent Influenza Vaccine in Canada.

In Canada, approximately 12,000 people annually are hospitalized with influenza. While vaccination is the most effective method for reducing the burden of seasonal influenza, the propagation of vaccine virus strains in eggs can result in egg adaption, resulting in reduced antigenic similarity to circulating strains and thus lower vaccine effectiveness (VE). Cell-based propagation methods avoid these alterations and therefore may be more effective than egg-propagation vaccines.

Novel fragment-derived colchicine-site binders as microtubule-destabilizing agents.

Microtubules (MTs) are dynamic filaments of the cytoskeleton, which are formed by the polymerization of their building block tubulin. Perturbation of MT dynamics by MT-targeting agents (MTAs) leads to cell cycle arrest or cell death, a strategy that is pursued in chemotherapy. We recently performed a combined computational and crystallographic fragment screening approach and identified several tubulin-binding fragments.

Relationships between brain tissue damage, oxygen desaturation, and disease severity in obstructive sleep apnea evaluated by diffusion tensor imaging.

Study Objectives: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) show brain injury in sites responsible for autonomic, cognitive, and respiratory functions. Brain changes in OSA may vary with disease severity as assessed by the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), which does not provide information about the apnea depth and length in contrast to oxygen desaturation. Although significant associations with brain injury and AHI are known in OSA, it is unclear whether AHI or the extent of oxygen desaturations better correlate with brain damage.

Generation of partial roll rotation in a hexagonal NaYF particle by switching between different optical trapping configurations.

Typically a rigid body can have three degrees of rotational freedom. Among these, there can be two types of out-of-plane rotational modes, called the pitch and the roll. The pitch motion is typically to turn the particle along an axis orthogonal to the axis of symmetry.

Mitigating structural racism to reduce inequities in sepsis outcomes: a mixed methods, longitudinal intervention study.

Background: Sepsis affects 1.7 million patients in the US annually, is one of the leading causes of mortality, and is a major driver of US healthcare costs. African American/Black and LatinX populations experience higher rates of sepsis complications, deviations from standard care, and readmissions compared with Non-Hispanic White populations.

N-methyl-pseudouridine is incorporated with higher fidelity than pseudouridine in synthetic RNAs.

In vitro transcribed synthetic messenger RNAs (mRNAs) represent a novel therapeutic modality. To overcome the inherent immunogenicity, as well as to increase the therapeutic efficacy of the molecules, uridine analogs-such as pseudouridine (Ψ) and N-methyl-pseudouridine (m1Ψ), are incorporated in the synthetic mRNA. To decipher the fidelity with which these modifications are incorporated during the in vitro transcription (IVT) process, we compared the incorporation fidelity of uridine analogs with different RNA polymerases.

miR-218: A Stress-Responsive Epigenetic Modifier.

Understanding the epigenetic role of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been a critical development in the field of neuropsychiatry and in understanding their underlying pathophysiology. Abnormalities in miRNA expression are often seen as key to the pathogenesis of many stress-associated mental disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). Recent advances in omics biology have further contributed to this understanding and expanded the role of miRNAs in networking a diverse array of molecular pathways, which are essentially related to the stress adaptivity of a healthy brain.