S100B Serum Levels in Chronic Heart Failure Patients: A Multifaceted Biomarker Linking Cardiac and Cognitive Dysfunction.

S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) is a protein primarily known as a biomarker for central nervous system (CNS) injuries, reflecting blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and dysfunction. Recently, S100B has also been implicated in cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure (HF). Thus, we investigated serum levels of S100B in 146 chronic HF patients from the Cognition.

Long-term cognitive and brain morphologic changes in chronic heart failure: Results of the Cognition.Matters-HF study.

Aims: Cognitive impairment (CI) is a common, yet frequently unrecognized co-morbidity in chronic heart failure (HF). We quantified trajectories of cognitive performance, brain volume, and related clinical outcome over a time course of 6 years.

Methods And Results: The Cognition.