Results of the COLDWATER randomized controlled trial: enhanced performance of underwater cold snare polypectomy for colorectal polyps 5-10 mm, independent of endoscopist experience.

Background: The wide range of R0 resection rates (R0RR) and incomplete resection rates (IRR) observed with conventional cold snare polypectomy (CCSP) emphasizes the necessity for technique enhancement. The COLDWATER study aimed to compare underwater cold snare polypectomy (UCSP) to CCSP for 5-10-mm colorectal polyps, focusing on comprehensive histopathological evaluation, efficacy, and safety.

Methods: This was a randomized, single-blind, controlled trial comparing UCSP to CCSP for non-pedunculated colorectal polyps of size 5-10 mm.

The Effects of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2-Inhibitors on Steatosis and Fibrosis in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease or Steatohepatitis and Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are part of metabolic syndrome and share multiple causal associations. Both conditions have an alarmingly increasing incidence and lead to multiple complications, which have an impact on a variety of organs and systems, such as the kidneys, eyes, and nervous and cardiovascular systems, or may cause metabolic disruptions. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2-inhibitors (SGLT2-i), as an antidiabetic class with well-established cardiovascular benefits, and its class members have also been studied for their presumed effects on steatosis and fibrosis improvement in patients with NAFLD or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in diabetes mellitus patients on chronic hemodialysis - A case series addressing cardiovascular and mortality risks.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases in the population with diabetes and it is highly prevalent in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. This case series describes NAFLD associated factors and survival in type 2 diabetes patients (T2DM) who have ESRD treated with hemodialysis. NAFLD prevalence in patients with T2DM and ESRD is 69.

Interleukin-8, CXCL10, CXCL11 and their role in insulin resistance in adult females with subclinical hypothyroidism and prediabetes.

In obesity, the hormonal secretion of the thyroid gland switches from homeostasis to type 2 allostasis in order to adapt to persistent modifications of adipose tissue and inflammation. Previous meta-analyses have linked obesity with an increased risk of developing thyroid diseases, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. We designed an observational cross-sectional study including all female patients presenting consecutively in an ambulatory clinic for 16 months.

Correlations between Diabetes Mellitus Self-Care Activities and Glycaemic Control in the Adult Population: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Although it is well known that lifestyle changes can affect plasma glucose levels, there is little formal evidence for the sustained effectiveness of exercise and diet in diabetes mellitus (DM) management. Self-care in DM refers to the real-life application of the knowledge that the patient gained during the education programmes. The goals are to bring about changes in the patient's behaviour, thus improving glycaemic control.

Subclinical hypothyroidism has no association with insulin resistance indices in adult females: A case-control study.

Longitudinal studies have indicated an association between thyroid function and insulin resistance (IR) or a neutral relationship. Both the lowest tertile of free thyroxine (fT4) and the highest tertile of free triiodothyronine (fT3) were found to be associated with IR in cross-sectional studies. The aim of the present study was to analyze the association between IR and subclinical hypothyroidism in a female adult population from Bucharest, Romania.

Diabetic neuropathy: A narrative review of risk factors, classification, screening and current pathogenic treatment options (Review).

Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a frequent complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) with severe consequences as it progresses and influences all human body systems. This review discusses the risk factors for DN, the main characteristics of the clinical forms of DN, the screening methods and the current therapeutic options. Distal symmetric DN is the primary clinical form, and DM patients should be screened for this complication.

No Association between 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Insulin Resistance or Thyroid Hormone Concentrations in a Romanian Observational Study.

Vitamin D is involved in insulin resistance through genomic and non-genomic mechanisms. Several observational and randomized studies have discrepant results; some of them showed an improved insulin resistance (IR), and others a neutral effect after vitamin D deficiency is corrected. We designed a retrospective observational study that included all women who presented for 33 months in an outpatient clinic in Bucharest, Romania.

Weight loss programmes using low carbohydrate diets to control the cardiovascular risk in adolescents (Review).

Cardiovascular risk (CVR) is a broad term that includes traditional factors like hypertension, hyper lipidemia, abdominal obesity, hyperinsulinemia or overt type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and emerging ones such as hypothyroidism or inflammatory diseases. In epidemiologic studies, all of these factors are associated with atherogenesis and have complex interactions between them. They have in common an increased prevalence in the general population beginning in childhood, and are correlated with endothelial damage as demonstrated by echocardiographic modifications of the left ventricle or carotid intima-media thickness.

Gestational diabetes - modern management and therapeutic approach (Review).

Gestational diabetes mellitus is an important healthcare problem with serious implications both to the mother and to the foetus. The necessity of clear screening criteria for the pregnant woman and also identifying from an early stage the risk groups can be beneficial instruments for better management of gestational diabetes. The present report identify the main screening criteria for patients at risk for gestational diabetes and the therapeutic-nutritional therapy for women that have gestational diabetes.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A major challenge in type 2 diabetes mellitus (Review).

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a high prevalence in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, being one of the disorders with a relevant global burden. Cross-sectional studies have shown that patients with T2DM and NAFLD have a higher prevalence of liver fibrosis, compared with the general population. Patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and T2DM have an increased mortality and morbidity, therefore they generate substantial health care costs.

The efficacy and safety of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors compared to other oral glucose-lowering medications in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Introduction: The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is), which belong to the class of incretin-based medications, are recommended as second or third-line therapies in guidelines for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. They have a favorable drug tolerability and safety profile compared to other glucose-lowering agents.

Objective: This review discusses data concerning the use of DPP-4is and their cardiovascular profile, and gives an updated comparison with the other oral glucose-lowering medications with regards to safety and efficacy.

Point-of-care screening for left ventricular hypertrophy and concentric geometry using hand-held cardiac ultrasound in hypertensive patients.

Background: The introduction of the hand-held cardiac ultrasound (HCU) may potentially increase detection of LV hypertrophy in hypertensive patients. However, whether point-of-care screening for LV hypertrophy and concentric LV geometry by HCU in hypertensive patients is feasible and comparable to that of standard state-of-the-art echocardiography (SE) evaluation remains to be elucidated.

Methods And Results: Accordingly, one hundred consecutive patients (66 female, mean age=58±13 years, 32% African-American, mean body mass index=31±8 kg/m(2)) with the diagnosis of hypertension underwent both HCU and SE examinations in tandem.