Lipid peroxidation in rheumatoid arthritis: thiobarbituric acid-reactive material and catalytic iron salts in synovial fluid from rheumatoid patients.

Thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-reactive material is present in serum and knee joint synovial fluid from rheumatoid patients, consistent with lipid peroxidation occurring in vivo. The amount of TBA-reactive material in synovial fluid correlates with the concentration of iron salts present as determined by the bleomycin method, presumably because iron is an important catalyst of radical reactions in vivo. There appear to be significant correlations between the contents of TBA-reactive material and bleomycin-detectable iron in synovial fluid and the activity of rheumatoid arthritis as assessed with a clinical index of local inflammation and with various laboratory parameters.

Affinity labeling of the androgen receptor in rat prostate cytosol with 17 beta-[(bromoacetyl)oxy]-5 alpha-androstan-3-one.

An androgen affinity label, 17 beta-[(bromoacetyl)-oxy]-5 alpha-androstan-3-one, has been synthesized in both radioactive and nonradioactive forms. The affinity label (170 Ci/mmol) was characterized and found to have a high degree of purity. Affinity labeling of the androgen receptor from rat ventral prostate was androgen specific and appeared to be directed at the steroid binding site of the protein.

Effects of sodium molybdate on the androgen receptor from the R3327 prostatic tumor.

The present study describes the effects of sodium molybdate on several physicochemical properties of the androgen receptor from the Dunning R3327 prostatic tumor. Molybdate was found to stabilize the steroid-binding activity of the receptor. Maximum binding activity was found with concentrations of 10 mM molybdate or greater.

Androgen receptor binding characteristics in the cytosol of the rat dorsolateral prostate gland and the Dunning R-3327 prostatic adenocarcinoma.

The incidence of prostatic cancer is highly correlated with advanced age, and it has been suggested that changes in androgen binding may be important in age-associated alterations in growth regulatory mechanisms of prostatic epithelial cells. In this study the effects of age on androgen binding characteristics in the dorsolateral prostate glands of young and aged Copenhagen rats were determined and the binding properties in the Dunning R3327/130 subline of rat prostatic adenocarcinoma were characterized. Tritium-labeled and nonlabeled methyltrienolone analogs (R1881) were used to study the binding properties of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone receptor in the cytosol of tumors and prostate glands.

Molecular properties of the androgen receptor in rat ventral prostate.

Results from these studies demonstrate that we have purified a protein from rat prostate cytosol that is similar to the beta-protein (complex II) but different from the alpha-protein (complex I) reported by Liao et al. The purified receptor was different from androgen binding protein (ABP) in that ABP has a faster dissociation rate (6 min), a lower pI value (4.6), and requires higher concentrations of ammonium sulfate for precipitation (40-50%) than the prostatic androgen receptor.

Physicochemical characterization of the androgen receptor from hyperplastic human prostate.

In this manuscript we have characterized the androgen receptor from human benign prostatic hypertrophied (BPH) tissue. BPH tissue was obtained fresh from surgery, ground, and frozen in liquid nitrogen. Tissue was homogenized in 10 mM Tes buffer (pH 7.

Purification and characterization of the androgen receptor from rat ventral prostate.

The androgen receptor has been purified from rat ventral prostate cytosol by a combination of differential DNA-Sepharose 4B chromatography and testosterone 17 beta-hemisuccinyl-3,3'-diaminodipropylamine-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. Approximately 8 micrograms of protein was obtained from 38 g of rat ventral prostate, with a yield of 24%. The receptor was purified approximately 120 000-fold.

Modulation of antibody responses to Vibrio cholerae in mice by adoptive transfer of Peyer's patch lymphocytes from orally immunised donors.

Peyer's patch lymphocytes from mice orally primed with V. cholerae injected into recipient mice together with V. cholerae led to a considerable suppression of IgM antibody-forming cells in the spleen by comparison with control mice receiving the same schedule but with Peyer's patch lymphocytes from unprimed mice.

DNA damage by superoxide-generating systems in relation to the mechanism of action of the anti-tumour antibiotic adriamycin.

A mixture of NADPH and ferredoxin reductase is a convenient way of reducing adriamycin in vitro. Under aerobic conditions the adriamycin semiquinone reacts rapidly with O2 and superoxide radical is produced. Superoxide generated either by adriamycin:ferredoxin reductase or by hypoxanthine:xanthine oxidase can promote the formation of hydroxyl radicals in the presence of soluble iron chelates.

Homeostasis of the antibody response: immunoregulation by NK cells.

When injected into mice, the synthetic double-stranded polynucleotide poly(inosinic) X poly(cytidylic) acid induces high natural killer (NK) cell activity within 4 to 12 hours. Induction of NK activity in mice immunized 2 or 3 days previously, or the addition of NK cells to cultures immunized in vitro 2 or 3 days previously, promotes early termination of the ongoing primary immunoglobulin M antibody response. A target for NK cells is a population of accessory cells that has interacted with antigen and is necessary for sustaining the antibody response.

Prophylactic significance of the nonlipopolysaccharide antigens of Vibrio cholerae.

The infant-mouse cholera model was used for evaluation of the immunoprophylactic significance of the nonlipopolysaccharide antigens of Vibrio cholerae. The protective efficiency of antibodies to the nonlipopolysaccharide components of the 569B strain was much greater than that of antibodies to the lipopolysaccharide. Protective nonlipopolysaccharide antigens were not detected in two other strains, however; the possible basis for this restricted distribution was considered in light of studies from other laboratories.

Superoxide-dependent and ascorbate-dependent formation of hydroxyl radicals in the presence of copper salts: a physiologically significant reaction?

Copper (Cu2+) ions at physiological concentrations can promote the formation of hydroxyl radical (OH) or a species of equivalent reactivity. The reaction requires H2O2 and a reducing agent. Reduction of Cu2+ can be achieved by superoxide ion generated by a mixture of hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase or added directly as its potassium salt.

Formation of hydroxyl radicals from hydrogen peroxide and iron salts by superoxide- and ascorbate-dependent mechanisms: relevance to the pathology of rheumatoid disease.

1. Superoxide and hydrogen peroxide are formed by activated phagocytes and react together in the presence of iron salts to form the hydroxyl radical, which attacks hyaluronic acid. Ascorbic acid also interacts with hydrogen peroxide and iron salts to form hydroxyl radical in a reaction independent of superoxide.

The specificity of Vibrio cholerae adherence and the significance of the slime agglutinin as a second mediator of in vitro attachment.

The aim of the present studies was to clarify Vibrio cholerae adherence by elucidating the basis for the apparently variable nature of in vitro attachment. An examination of the purported specificity of vibrio adherence did not support the concept of host receptor structures; organisms selected for their capacity to adhere to inert substrates simultaneously acquired the capacity to bind to intestinal tissue in vitro. Further investigation of the bacterial factors involved in adherence confirmed the in vitro significance of the slime agglutinin, although this moiety appeared to have no pathogenic relevance.

The role of the flagellum in the adherence of Vibrio cholerae.

The role of the flagellar structure in the in vitro adherence and in vivo colonization of Vibrio cholerae was studied by comparing the behavior of pairs of related motility variants. Although the presence of the flagellum seemed essential for in vitro attachment, the property of motility was neither necessary nor sufficient. Since it was possible to demonstrate independently both motility and binding capacities associated with this structure, it was concluded that the flagellum functions as the carrier of the moieties that promote adherence.

Aseptic meningitis and high school football players. 1978 and 1980.

During 1978 and 1980, epidemiologists at the Centers for Disease Control investigated seven outbreaks of aseptic meningitis-like illness (AMLI) occurring in high school football players in four different states. One or more enterovirus types were isolated from affected students at all seven schools. Attack rates were highest among the varsity football teams (range, 21% to 68%), although junior varsity teams were also affected at most schools (range, 5% to 63%).

Local immunity to klebsiella pneumoniae in the lungs of mice.

The development of local immunity to Klebsiella pneumoniae in the lower respiratory tract is described. Immunity to intranasal infection is produced by systemic immunization resulting in high titers of circulating antibody. Protection also follows intranasal immunization with glutaraldehyde-killed organisms.

The role of antibody in the interaction of Salmonella and listeria with peritoneal macrophages.

That in vitro killing by normal and activated macrophages of S. typhimurium and other gram-negative organisms is dependent on the presence of antibody has been confirmed. It has been shown that antibody is required for the binding of S.

Competitive Growth of Chicken Skin Microflora and Clostridium botulinum Type E after an Irradiation Dose of 0.3 Mrad.

Chicken skins with chicken exudate were used as a model system to determine if low dose irradiation might cause a health hazard by eliminating the natural flora and allowing Clostridium botulinum type E spores, if present, to produce toxin in the absence of typical spoilage. Irradiation (0.3 Mrad, 5°C) reduced the natural flora from 10 to 10 to 10 to 500 cells/7 cm, whereas C.

Resistance to Klebsiella pneumoniae and the importance of two bacterial antigens.

The resistance of mice to a lethal infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae, type I, was investigated. Antibody of both IgG and IgM class produced good protection when given with an intra-nasal inoculum of the organism. While antibody directed against capsular antigens was highly protective, so too was antibody directed against a second, non-capsular and heat-labile antigen.

Rupture of the Achilles tendon treated by a simple operative procedure.

A subcutaneous suture technique for repair of closed rupture of the Achilles tendon first reported in 1977 is described again. The use of the technique in Aberdeen is compared with cases treated in plaster during the same 2-year-period. Although the total in the series is only 35, the results appear to indicate that the subcutaneous suture technique improves the power of plantar flexion without significant post-operative complications.