Stability of tobramycin and ceftazidime in icodextrin peritoneal dialysis solution.

Purpose: The data describing the compatibility of tobramycin and ceftazidime in icodextrin-based peritoneal dialysis (PD) solution is limited. The objective of this study was to assess the chemical stability of tobramycin and ceftazidime in icodextrin PD solution in polyvinyl chloride containers.

Methods: Commercially available 2-L bags of icodextrin 7.

Stability of vancomycin in icodextrin peritoneal dialysis solution.

Background: Icodextrin is a glucose polymer used as an alternative osmotic agent in peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions. There are few data regarding the long-term stability of vancomycin in icodextrin PD solution.

Objective: To determine the chemical stability of vancomycin in icodextrin PD solution in polyvinyl chloride containers over a 7 day period at 4, 24, and 37 degrees C.

Pharmacokinetics of intraperitoneal cefepime in automated peritoneal dialysis.

Objective: This study determined the pharmacokinetics of intraperitoneal (IP) cefepime in automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) patients.

Design And Methods: A prospective pharmacokinetic study was performed in 6 noninfected adult APD patients. All patients were administered a single IP dose of cefepime (15 mg/kg) over a 6-hour dwell.

Intraperitoneal cefazolin and ceftazidime effects on human peritoneal mesothelial cell release of cancer antigen-125.

Background: Intraperitoneal (IP) cefazolin and ceftazidime are recommended as empiric treatment for peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis. Human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) may be affected by high IP cefazolin and ceftazidime concentrations. Peritoneal dialysate cancer antigen-125 (CA-125) appearance rate can be used to measure HPMC damage.

Stability of cefepime in icodextrin peritoneal dialysis solution.

Background: Icodextrin is a glucose polymer used as an alternative osmotic agent in peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions. Cefepime may be a suitable antibiotic for the treatment of PD-related peritonitis. The stability of cefepime in icodextrin PD solution has not been examined.

Factors associated with long-term antibody production induced by hepatitis B vaccine in patients undergoing hemodialysis: a retrospective cohort study.

Study Objective: To assess the influence of various clinical factors on antibody production induced by hepatitis B vaccine in patients receiving hemodialysis up to 24 months after vaccination.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Outpatient dialysis center.

Influence of peritoneal dialysate flow rate on the pharmacokinetics of cefazolin.

Objective: To determine the impact of dialysate flow rate (DFR) on cefazolin pharmacokinetics (PK) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.

Methods: A meta-analysis of published reports, identified by MEDLINE search (1966-2002) and other sources, containing information on cefazolin PK data in PD patients was conducted. Data were analyzed based upon low DFR (< or = 5.

Hepatitis B vaccination: addressing a drug-related problem in hemodialysis outpatients with a collaborative initiative.

Unlabelled: The CDC recommends that all hemodialysis (HD) patients be vaccinated against hepatitis B virus (HBV). In 1999, only 39 of our 134 (29%) HD patients had received HBV vaccine. Since the vaccine is indicated for all HD patients, this presented a drug-related problem (DRP): indication without treatment.

Combined furosemide and human albumin treatment for diuretic-resistant edema.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical usefulness of combined furosemide and human albumin for the treatment of diuretic-resistant edema in patients with nephrotic syndrome and cirrhosis.

Data Sources: Clinical literature was accessed through MEDLINE (1966-May 2002). Key search terms included furosemide, albumin, human albumin solution, nephrotic syndrome, and cirrhosis.

Stability of furosemide in human albumin solution.

Objective: To determine the chemical stability of furosemide in human albumin solution over a 28-day period and to assess admixtures for microbiologic contamination.

Methods: Samples were prepared by mixing furosemide injectable solution and 25% human albumin solution in a 1:1 molar ratio. Six bulk containers were prepared and stored in the dark: 3 under refrigeration (approximately 4 degrees C) and 3 at room temperature (approximately 25 degrees C).