Health state utilities associated with invasive pneumococcal disease, pneumonia, and recurrent acute otitis media in young children.

Purpose: Cost-utility analyses examining the value of new vaccines for pneumococcal disease will require health state utilities as inputs. Existing utilities for pneumococcal infections in young children are limited. The purpose of this study was to estimate health state utilities associated with pneumococcal infections in young children.

Valuation survey for SF-6Dv2 in Japan based on the international protocol.

Purpose: The SF-6D Classification System was recently updated (SF-6Dv2). We performed a valuation survey to construct a value set for the SF-6Dv2 in Japan.

Methods: An online discrete choice experiment (DCE) with duration was used to estimate a value set for the SF-6Dv2 for Japan based on public preferences.

Deriving a Preference-Weighted Measure for People With Hypoglycemia From the Hypo-RESOLVE QoL.

Objectives: Hypoglycemia affects the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of people living with diabetes (PwD), and existing preference-weighted measures do not capture all important aspects. The study aimed to generate a preference-weighted measure capturing the HRQoL impact of hypoglycemia in PwD.

Methods: Items for the health-state classification system were selected from the hypoglycemia-specific Hypo-RESOLVE QoL measure using relevance in cognitive interviews, translatability, suitability for valuation, endorsement by patient advisors and experts, and psychometric performance in a large survey of PwD.

The Short Form 6 Dimensions (SF-6D): Development and Evolution.

This paper considers the development and evolution of the short-form 6 dimensions (SF-6D), a generic preference-weighted measure consisting of a health classification with accompanying value set that was developed from one of the widest used health related quality of life measures, the SF-36 health survey. This enabled health state utility values to be directly generated from SF-36 and SF-12 data for a range of purposes, including to produce quality adjusted life years for use in economic evaluation of healthcare interventions across a range of different conditions and treatments. This paper considers the rationale for the development of the measure, the development process, performance and how the SF-6D has evolved since its conception.

Development of a novel patient reported outcome measure for health-related quality of life in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (PROQuALS): study protocol.

Background: Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) can be used to assess the impact of health conditions upon an individual's health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Whilst PROMs have been used to quantify the HRQoL impact of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), existing instruments may not fully capture what matters to people living with ALS (plwALS) or be appropriate to be used directly to inform the cost-effectiveness of new treatments. This highlights a need for a new condition-specific PROM that can both capture what's important to plwALS and be used in economic evaluation.

Development of a new health-related quality of life measure for people with diabetes who experience hypoglycaemia: the Hypo-RESOLVE QoL.

Aims/hypothesis: Valid and reliable patient-reported outcome measures are vital for assessing disease impact, responsiveness to healthcare and the cost-effectiveness of interventions. A recent review has questioned the ability of existing measures to assess hypoglycaemia-related impacts on health-related quality of life for people with diabetes. This mixed-methods project was designed to produce a novel health-related quality of life patient-reported outcome measure in hypoglycaemia: the Hypo-RESOLVE QoL.

Psychometric performance of the CFQ-R-8D compared to the EQ-5D-3L and SF-6D in people with cystic fibrosis.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the psychometric performance of the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised-8 Dimensions (CFQ-R-8D), a new, condition-specific, preference-based measure, with that of generic preference-based measures EQ-5D-3L and Short Form 6 dimensions (SF-6D).

Methods: Data from three trials of participants with CF aged ≥ 14 years who completed the CFQ-R and EQ-5D-3L or SF-6D were used. Analyses were undertaken to evaluate convergent validity based on correlations with CFQ-R domain scores.

Assessment of health state utilities associated with adult and pediatric acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD).

Introduction: Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) type B is a rare genetic disorder leading to enlargement of the spleen and liver, pulmonary dysfunction, and other symptoms. Cost-utility analyses are often conducted to quantify the value of new treatments, and these analyses require health state utilities. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to estimate utilities associated with varying levels of severity of adult and pediatric ASMD type B.

Measuring the overall performance of mental healthcare providers.

To date there have been no attempts to construct composite measures of healthcare provider performance which reflect preferences for health and non-health benefits, as well as costs. Health and non-health benefits matter to patients, healthcare providers and the general public. We develop a novel provider performance measurement framework that combines health gain, non-health benefit, and cost and illustrate it with an application to 54 English mental health providers.

Development and Valuation of a Preference-Weighted Measure in Age-Related Macular Degeneration From the Vision Impairment in Low Luminance Questionnaire: A MACUSTAR Report.

Objectives: This study generates VILL-UI (Vision Impairment in Low Luminance - Utility Index), a preference-weighted measure (PWM) derived from the VILL-33 measure for use in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and valued to generate United Kingdom and German preference weights.

Methods: A PWM consists of a classification system to describe health and utility values for every state described by the classification. The classification was derived using existing data collected as part of the MACUSTAR study, a low-interventional study on AMD, conducted at 20 clinical sites across Europe.

Estimating the SF-6Dv1 Value Set for a Population-Based Sample in Lebanon.

Objectives: The SF-6Dv1 is a preference-based measure derived from the SF-36 for use in quality-adjusted life-year estimation for cost-utility analysis. Country-specific value sets for SF-6Dv1 are needed to reflect societal preferences but none are available for Lebanon and other Arabic countries. This study aimed to generate a value set for SF-6Dv1 for Lebanon and to compare results with the UK set.

Exploring the Factors that Drive Clinical Negligence Claims: Stated Preferences of Those Who Have Experienced Unintended Harm.

Background: Better understanding of the factors that influence patients to make a financial claim for compensation is required to inform policy decisions. This study aimed to assess the relative importance of factors that influence those who have experienced a patient safety incident (PSI) to make a claim for compensation.

Method: Participants completed an online discrete choice experiment (DCE) involving 10 single profile tasks where they chose whether or not to file a claim.

The RETRIEVE Checklist for Studies Reporting the Elicitation of Stated Preferences for Child Health-Related Quality of Life.

Background: Recent systematic reviews show varying methods for eliciting, modelling, and reporting preference-based values for child health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) outcomes, thus producing value sets with different characteristics. Reporting in many of the reviewed studies was found to be incomplete and inconsistent, making them difficult to assess. Checklists can help to improve standards of reporting; however, existing checklists do not address methodological issues for valuing child HRQoL.

Understanding UK public views on normative decisions made to value health-related quality of life in children: A qualitative study.

Developing methodology for measuring and valuing child health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a priority for health technology agencies. One aspect of this is normative decisions that are made in child HRQoL valuation. This qualitative study aimed to better understand adult public opinion on the normative questions of whose preferences to elicit (adults, children, or both) and from which perspective (who should be imagined living in impaired health), when valuing child HRQoL.

UK Valuation of EQ-5D-5L, a Generic Measure of Health-Related Quality of Life: A Study Protocol.

Objectives: A high-quality and widely accepted UK EQ-5D-5L value set is urgently required to enable the latest version of EQ-5D scored using recent UK public preferences to inform policy including health technology assessments submitted to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. This article outlines the study protocol for the generation of a new EQ-5D-5L UK value set.

Methods: Twelve hundred interviews will be undertaken using the composite time trade-off elicitation technique for 102 health states (86 from the international EQ-5D-5L valuation protocol, plus 16 with best predictive performance in an extended design used in the Native American EQ-5D-5L valuation).

Using Age-Specific Values for Pediatric HRQoL in Cost-Effectiveness Analysis: Is There a Problem to Be Solved? If So, How?

Value sets for the EQ-5D-Y-3L published to date appear to have distinctive characteristics compared with value sets for corresponding adult instruments: in many cases, the value for the worst health state is higher and there are fewer values < 0. The aim of this paper is to consider how and why values for child and adult health differ; and what the implications of that are for the use of EQ-5D-Y-3L values in economic evaluations to inform healthcare resource allocation decisions. We posit four potential explanations for the differences in values: (a) The wording of severity labels may mean the worst problems on the EQ-5D-Y-3L are descriptively less severe than those on the EQ-5D-5L; (b) Adults may genuinely consider that children are less badly affected than adults by descriptively similar health issues.

Discrete Choice Experiments in Health State Valuation: A Systematic Review of Progress and New Trends.

Background: Discrete choice experiments (DCEs) are increasingly used in health state valuation studies.

Objective: This systematic review updates the progress and new findings of DCE studies in the health state valuation, covering the period since the review of June 2018 to November 2022. The review reports the methods that are currently being used in DCE studies to value health and study design characteristics, and, for the first time, reviews DCE health state valuation studies published in the Chinese language.

Randomised comparison of online interviews versus face-to-face interviews to value health states.

Introduction: Health state valuation studies using composite time trade-off (cTTO) interviews have historically been conducted face-to-face. The COVID-19 pandemic forced disruptive innovation meaning a number of valuation studies conducted interviews via videoconference. These studies found online interviews feasible and acceptable; however, studies were not constructed to test the impact of online versus face-to-face interviews.

Valuing the EQ Health and Wellbeing Short Using Time Trade-Off and a Discrete Choice Experiment: A Feasibility Study.

Objectives: The EQ Health and Wellbeing Short (EQ-HWB-S) is a new generic measure that covers health and wellbeing developed for use in economic evaluation in health and social care. The aim was to test the feasibility of using composite time trade-off (cTTO) and a discrete choice experiment (DCE) based on an international protocol to derive utilities for the EQ-HWB-S and to generate a pilot value set.

Methods: A representative UK general population was recruited.

Developing an Australian utility value set for MacNew-7D health states.

Background: A new preference-based measure (MacNew-7D) has recently been developed to allow condition-specific data to be used to capture the quality of life in health economic evaluations in cardiology; however, a general population value set has not yet been developed. This study developed a population utility value set for the MacNew-7D heart disease-specific instrument.

Methods: The discrete choice experiments (DCE) technique was chosen as the preference-elicitation method.

Development of the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised-8 Dimensions: Estimating Utilities From the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised.

Objectives: Cystic fibrosis (CF) limits survival and negatively affects health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) may be used to make reimbursement decisions for new CF treatments; nevertheless, generic utility measures used in CEA, such as EQ-5D, are insensitive to meaningful changes in lung function and HRQOL in CF. Here we develop a new, CF disease-specific, preference-based utility measure based on the adolescent/adult version of the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised (CFQ-R), a widely used, CF-specific, patient-reported measure of HRQOL.

Hypothetical versus experienced health state valuation: a qualitative study of adult general public views and preferences.

Objectives: Responses from hypothetical and experienced valuation tasks of health-related quality of life differ, yet there is limited understanding of why these differences exist, what members of the public think about them, and acceptable resolutions. This study explores public understanding of, opinions on, and potential solutions to differences between hypothetical versus experienced responses, in the context of allocating health resources.

Methods: Six focus groups with 30 members of the UK adult public were conducted, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using framework analysis.

Convergent validity of EQ-5D with core outcomes in dementia: a systematic review.

Objectives: To explore through a systematic review, the convergent validity of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L (total score and dimensions)) with core outcomes in dementia and investigate how this may be impacted by rater-type; with the aim of informing researchers when choosing measures to use in dementia trials.

Methods: To identify articles relevant to the convergent validity of EQ-5D with core dementia outcomes, three databases were electronically searched to September 2022. Studies were considered eligible for inclusion within the review if they included individual level data from people with dementia of any type, collected self and/or proxy reported EQ-5D and collected at least one core dementia outcome measure.