Nail Disorders as clues to systemic disease.

Disorders of the nail unit can provide important clues to underlying systemic diseases. Onychodystrophy or nail abnormalities include altered nail color, shape, or texture, with morphology and growth patterns often related to local anatomic factors such as edema, vascular supply, and neurologic innervation. Associated pain or loss of function can also affect daily activities.

High neural noise in autism: A hypothesis currently at the nexus of explanatory power.

Autism is a neurodevelopmental difference associated with specific autistic experiences and characteristics. Early models such as Weak Central Coherence and Enhanced Perceptual Functioning have tried to capture complex autistic behaviours in a single framework, however, these models lacked a neurobiological explanation. Conversely, current neurobiological theories of autism at the cellular and network levels suggest excitation/inhibition imbalances lead to high neural noise (or, a 'noisy brain') but lack a thorough explanation of how autistic behaviours occur.

Exploring Youths' Cannabis Health Literacy Post Legalization: A Qualitative Study.

Legalization of non-medical cannabis in Canada was intended to protect youth health and safety by limiting access and raising awareness of safety and risks. The purpose of this qualitative research was to explore youths' perceptions of their cannabis health literacy and future educational needs. A convenience sample of youth aged 13 to 18 residing in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada who may or may not have consumed cannabis were included.

Form, function, and evolutionary origins of architectural symmetry in honey bee nests.

Symmetry is pervasive across the tree of life, and organisms (including humans) build symmetrical structures for reproduction, locomotion, or aesthetics. Symmetry, however, does not necessarily span across levels of biological organization (e.g.

Untangling the role of tau in sex hormone responsive cancers: lessons learnt from Alzheimer's disease.

Tubulin associated unit has been extensively studied in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), whereby its hyperphosphorylation and accumulation contributes to disease pathogenesis. Tau is abundantly expressed in the central nervous system but is also present in non-neuronal tissues and in tumours including sex hormone responsive cancers such as breast and prostate. Curiously, hormonal effects on tau also exist in an AD context from numerous studies on menopause, hormone replacement therapy, and androgen deprivation therapy.

Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 controls triacylglycerol hydrolysis in cardiomyocytes.

Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) 1 is one of four isozymes that inhibit the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA via pyruvate dehydrogenase. PDK activity is elevated in fasting or starvation conditions to conserve carbohydrate reserves. PDK has also been shown to increase mitochondrial fatty acid utilization.

National audit of patient reported experience of radical cystectomy for bladder cancer pathways.

Objective: The objective of this study was to measure and describe the national patient experience of radical cystectomy (RC) pathways in the UK using the validated Cystectomy-Pathway Assessment Tool (C-PAT).

Patients And Methods: A cohort of 1081 patients who underwent RC for bladder cancer, between 1 January 2021 and 31 July 2022 at 33 UK cystectomy centres, returned completed C-PAT responses. SPSS was employed for data summary statistics, including median, interquartile range, Mann Whitney U test or Chi-square test with a 95% confidence interval to assess statistical significance between potentially associated variables.

Characterization and Hemocompatibility of α, β, and γ Cyclodextrin-Modified Magnetic Nano-Adsorbents.

Kidney dysfunction leads to the retention of metabolites within the blood that are not effectively cleared with conventional hemodialysis. Magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-based absorbents have inherent properties that make them amenable to capturing toxins in the blood, notably a large surface area that can be chemically modified to enhance toxin capture and the ability to be easily collected from the blood using an external magnetic field. Cyclodextrins (CDs) present a chemical structure that facilitates the binding of small molecules.

Genetic engineering of transfusable platelets with mRNA-lipid nanoparticles is compatible with blood banking practices.

Platelets contribute to a variety of physiological processes, including inflammation, sepsis, and cancer. However, because of their primary role in hemostasis, platelet transfusions are largely restricted to managing thrombocytopenia and bleeding. One way to expand the utility of platelet transfusions would be to genetically engineer donor platelets with new or enhanced functions.

Efficient High-Order Harmonic Generation from the van der Waals Layered Crystal Copper Indium Thiophosphate.

Layered metal thio- and selenophosphates (MTPs) are a family of van der Waals gapped materials that exhibit a multitude of functionalities in terms of magnetic, ferroelectric, and optical properties. Despite the recent progress in terms of understanding the material properties of these compounds, the potential of MTPs as a material class yet needs further scrutiny, especially in terms of nonlinear optical properties. Recent reports of efficient low-order harmonic generation and extremely high third-order nonlinear optical properties in MTPs suggest the potential application of these materials in integrated nanophotonics.

Development of a Multifaceted Program for Pharmacogenetics Adoption at an Academic Medical Center: Practical Considerations and Lessons Learned.

In 2019, Indiana University launched the Precision Health Initiative to enhance the institutional adoption of precision medicine, including pharmacogenetics (PGx) implementation, at university-affiliated practice sites across Indiana. The overarching goal of this PGx implementation program was to facilitate the sustainable adoption of genotype-guided prescribing into routine clinical care. To accomplish this goal, we pursued the following specific objectives: (i) to integrate PGx testing into existing healthcare system processes; (ii) to implement drug-gene pairs with high-level evidence and educate providers and pharmacists on established clinical management recommendations; (iii) to engage key stakeholders, including patients to optimize the return of results for PGx testing; (iv) to reduce health disparities through the targeted inclusion of underrepresented populations; (v) and to track third-party reimbursement.

Modeling package size-conscious automated dispensing cabinet replenishment to improve efficiency.

Disclaimer: In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.

An evaluation of the national testing response during the COVID-19 pandemic in England: a multistage mixed-methods study protocol.

Introduction: In 2020, the UK government established a large-scale testing programme to rapidly identify individuals in England who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 and had COVID-19. This comprised part of the UK government's COVID-19 response strategy, to protect those at risk of severe COVID-19 disease and death and to reduce the burden on the health system. To assess the success of this approach, the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) commissioned an independent evaluation of the activities delivered by the National Health System testing programme in England.

A survey of educator perspectives toward teaching harm reduction cannabis education.

Introduction: Substance use is common among youth which can adversely affect youth health. Despite the legalization of cannabis in Canada and much of the United States, there is a lack of harm reduction cannabis education in schools. In addition, educators may not feel prepared to teach students about cannabis.

The Effect of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs on Union Rates Following Joint Arthrodesis: A Meta-Analysis.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most widely used and prescribed medications because of their important role in reducing inflammation and pain, in addition to their non-addictive properties and safety profiles. However, some studies have documented an association between NSAIDs and delayed union or nonunion of joint arthrodesis procedures due to a potential inhibition of the bone's inflammatory healing response. As a result, some orthopedic surgeons hesitate to prescribe NSAIDs after an arthrodesis procedure.

Primary mode of communication for people with total laryngectomy in the UK: a cross-sectional survey.

Objective: This study aimed to report on the UK rate of surgical voice restoration usage and investigate the factors that influence its uptake.

Method: A national multicentre audit of people with total laryngectomy was completed over a six-month period (March to September 2020) in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. This study is a secondary analysis of the data collected, focusing on the primary communication methods used by people with total laryngectomy.

Patient-Reported Outcomes 12 Years after Localized Prostate Cancer Treatment.

BACKGROUND: Long-term patient-reported outcomes are needed to inform treatment decisions for localized prostate cancer. METHODS: Patient-reported outcomes of 1643 randomly assigned participants in the ProtecT (Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment) trial were evaluated to assess the functional and quality-of-life impacts of prostatectomy, radiotherapy with neoadjuvant androgen deprivation, and active monitoring. This article focuses on the outcomes of the randomly assigned participants from 7 to 12 years using mixed effects linear and logistic models.

Adult Animal Stem Cell-Derived Organoids in Biomedical Research and the One Health Paradigm.

Preclinical biomedical research is limited by the predictiveness of in vivo and in vitro models. While in vivo models offer the most complex system for experimentation, they are also limited by ethical, financial, and experimental constraints. In vitro models are simplified models that do not offer the same complexity as living animals but do offer financial affordability and more experimental freedom; therefore, they are commonly used.

Feedforward connectivity patterns from visual areas to the front of the brain contain information about sensory stimuli regardless of awareness or report.

Current theories of consciousness can be categorized to some extent by their predictions about the putative role of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in conscious perception. One family of the theories proposes that the PFC is necessary for conscious perception. The other postulates that the PFC is not necessary and that other areas (e.

Pharmacogenomics implementation across multiple clinic settings: a qualitative evaluation.

To advance clinical adoption and implementation of pharmacogenomics (PGx) testing, barriers and facilitators to these efforts must be understood. This study identified and examined barriers and facilitators to active implementation of a PGx program across multiple clinic settings in an academic healthcare system. 28 contributors to the PGx implementation (e.

Impact of Legislated and Best Available Emission Control Measures on UK Particulate Matter Pollution, Premature Mortality, and Nitrogen-Sensitive Habitats.

Past emission controls in the UK have substantially reduced precursor emissions of health-hazardous fine particles (PM) and nitrogen pollution detrimental to ecosystems. Still, 79% of the UK exceeds the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline for annual mean PM of 5 μg m and there is no enforcement of controls on agricultural sources of ammonia (NH). NH is a phytotoxin and an increasingly large contributor to PM and nitrogen deposited to sensitive habitats.

Insulin-mediated endothelin signaling is antiviral during West Nile virus infection.

Arboviruses, particularly those transmitted by mosquitoes, pose a significant threat to humans and are an increasing concern because of climate change, human activity, and expanding vector-competent populations. West Nile virus is of significant concern as the most frequent mosquito-borne disease transmitted annually within the continental United States. Here, we identify a previously uncharacterized signaling pathway that impacts West Nile virus infection, namely endothelin signaling.