Nanostructural Modulation of G-Quadruplex DNA in Neurodegeneration: Orotate Interaction Revealed Through Experimental and Computational Approaches.

The natural compound orotic acid and its anionic form, orotate, play a pivotal role in various biological processes, serving as essential intermediates in pyrimidine de novo synthesis, with demonstrated connections to dietary, supplement, and neurodrug applications. A novel perspective on biomolecular aggregation at the nanoscale, particularly pertinent to neurodegeneration, challenges the established paradigm positing that peptide (amyloid beta) and protein (tau) aggregation mainly govern the molecular events underlying prevalent neuropathologies. Emerging biological evidence indicates a notable role for G-quadruplex (G4) DNA aggregation in neurodegenerative processes affecting neuronal cells, particularly in the presence of extended (GC) repeats in nuclear DNA sequences.

Evaluation of mental disorder related to colposcopy procedure during the COVID period: A cross-sectional study.

Background: The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) has had a significant impact on healthcare organizations, leading to a reduction in screening. The pandemic period has caused important psychological repercussions in the most fragile patients.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the levels of depression, anxiety, peri-traumatic stress, and physical symptoms in patients undergoing colposcopy during the COVID-19 pandemic and to compare these data with the post-pandemic period.

First-line immune-based combinations or sunitinib in favorable-risk metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a real-world retrospective comparison from the ARON-1 study.

Introduction: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common types of urogenital cancer. The introduction of immune-based combinations, including dual immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) or ICI plus tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), has radically changed the treatment landscape for metastatic RCC, showing varying efficacy across different prognostic groups based on the International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium (IMDC) criteria.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective multicenter study, part of the ARON-1 project, aimed to evaluate the outcomes of favorable-risk metastatic RCC patients treated with immune-based combinations or sunitinib.

Apalutamide in Metastatic Castration-sensitive Prostate Cancer: Results from the Multicenter Real-world ARON-3 Study.

Background And Objective: Apalutamide (APA) is a treatment for metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC). In the ARON-3 study we investigated real-world experiences with APA treatment for mCSPC.

Methods: We retrospectively assessed real-world clinical outcomes for patients with mCSPC treated with APA in the ARON-3 study.

Oceanic Breakthroughs: Marine-Derived Innovations in Vaccination, Therapy, and Immune Health.

The vast, untapped potential of the world's oceans is revealing groundbreaking advancements in human health and vaccination. Microalgae such as spp. and are emerging as resources for recombinant vaccine development with specific and heterologous genetic tools used to boost production of functional recombinant antigens in and spp.

Gut microbiota and metabolites associated with immunotherapy efficacy in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: a pilot study.

Background: The gut microbiota and its associated metabolites play a critical role in shaping the systemic immune response and influencing the efficacy of immunotherapy. In this study, patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) were included to explore the correlation between gut microbiota and metabolites and immunotherapy efficacy in patients with ES-SCLC.

Methods: Pre- and post-treatment, we collected stool samples from 49 ES-SCLC patients treated with an anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody.

Pharmacological treatment landscape of non-metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: A narrative review on behalf of the meet-URO Group.

The definition of "non-metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer" (nmHSPC) can be applied to patients with prostate cancer (PC) who are androgen-deprivation therapy-naïve and without evidence of metastatic disease. This definition includes heterogeneous situations; however, PC patients at high risk of metastatic spread - and who have not started a hormonal treatment - constitute a unique category with unmet clinical needs. This narrative review critically discusses the advances that characterize the rapidly evolving diagnostic and therapeutic scenario in the nmHSPC setting.

Radiotherapy plus pembrolizumab for advanced urothelial carcinoma: results from the ARON-2 real-world study.

The addition of metastasis-directed radiotherapy (MDRT) to immunotherapy in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC) has shown promising results. We report the real-world data from the ARON-2 study (NCT05290038) on the impact of conventional (CRT) or stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) on the outcome of aUC patients receiving pembrolizumab after platinum-based-chemotherapy. Medical records of 837 patients were reviewed from 60 institutions in 20 countries.

Prognostic value of type of prior TKI in pretreated metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients receiving nivolumab.

To define the prognostic significance of first-line TKI in mRCC patients receiving nivolumab. A total of 571 mRCC patients who received ≥second line nivolumab were included in this subanalysis. The correlation between prior TKI (sunitinib vs.

Identification of a prognostic gene signature in patients with cisplatin resistant squamous cell lung cancer.

Background: In the absence of targeted mutations and immune checkpoints, platinum-based chemotherapy remains a gold standard agent in the treatment of patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). However, cisplatin resistance greatly limits its therapeutic efficacy and presents challenges in the treatment of lung cancer patients. Therefore, the potential clinical needs for this research focus on identifying novel molecular signatures to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms of cisplatin resistance in LUSC.

Management Approaches for High-Risk Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Perineural Invasion: An Updated Review.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) stands as the second most prevalent non-melanoma skin cancer worldwide, comprising approximately 20% of all cutaneous malignancies. Determining its precise incidence poses challenges; however, reports indicate a global increase in its prevalence. At the time of diagnosis, the majority of cSCCs are localized, resulting in favorable 5-year cure rates surpassing 90%.

Reconceiving Perineural Invasion in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: From Biological to Histopathological Assessment.

Background: Perineural invasion (PNI) is a complex molecular process histologically represented by the presence of tumor cells within the peripheral nerve sheath and defined when infiltration into the 3 nerve sheath layers can be clearly identified. Several molecular pathways have been implicated in cSCC. PNI is a well-recognized risk factor in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and its accurate assessment represents a challenging field in pathology daily practice.

Sodium levels and immunotherapy efficacy in mRCC patients with bone metastases: sub analysis of Meet-Uro 15 study.

Background: Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly improved metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) prognosis, although their efficacy in patients with bone metastases (BMs) remains poorly understood. We investigated the prognostic role of natremia in pretreated RCC patients with BMs receiving immunotherapy.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective multicenter study included RCC patients with BMs receiving nivolumab as second-line therapy or beyond.

Targeting z-Crystallin by aspirin restores the sensitivity to cisplatin in resistant A2780 ovarian cancer cells.

Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynaecologic malignancies worldwide. Platinum based chemotherapy is the mainstay treatment for ovarian cancer; however, frequent recurrence and chemoresistance onset in patients with advanced diseases remain a therapeutic challenge. Although mechanisms underlying the development of chemoresistance are still ambiguous, the B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family is closely associated with chemoresistance in ovarian cancer.

Long-term responders to nivolumab in previously treated advanced renal cell carcinoma: a sub-analysis of meet-URO15 study.

Background: Although nivolumab prolongs overall survival (OS) in pretreated patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), underlining clinical and biological features of long-term responses are still to be determined. This study aims to investigate clinical and pathological characteristics of mRCC patients who achieved long-term responses during nivolumab treatment.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on mRCC patients receiving nivolumab as second or further therapy line between May 2016 and January 2019 in 34 Italian Oncology Centres.

Antimicrobial Metabolites of Caucasian Medicinal Plants as Alternatives to Antibiotics.

This review explores the potential of antimicrobial metabolites derived from Caucasian medicinal plants as alternatives to conventional antibiotics. With the rise of antibiotic resistance posing a global health threat, there is a pressing need to investigate alternative sources of antimicrobial agents. Caucasian medicinal plants have traditionally been used for their therapeutic properties, and recent research has highlighted their potential as sources of antimicrobial compounds.