Process accident prediction using Bayesian network based on IT2Fs and Z-number: A case study of spherical tanks.

This study aimed to propose a novel method for dynamic risk assessment using a Bayesian network (BN) based on fuzzy data to decrease uncertainty compared to traditional methods by integrating Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Sets (IT2FS) and Z-numbers. A bow-tie diagram was constructed by employing the System Hazard Identification, Prediction, and Prevention (SHIPP) approach, the Top Event Fault Tree, and the Barriers Failure Fault Tree. The experts then provided their opinions and confidence levels on the prior probabilities of the basic events, which were then quantified utilizing the IT2FS and combined using the Z-number to reduce the uncertainty of the prior probability.

Enhancing Water Safety: Exploring Recent Technological Approaches for Drowning Detection.

Drowning poses a significant threat, resulting in unexpected injuries and fatalities. To promote water sports activities, it is crucial to develop surveillance systems that enhance safety around pools and waterways. This paper presents an overview of recent advancements in drowning detection, with a specific focus on image processing and sensor-based methods.

A glance of coupled water and wastewater treatment systems based on microbial fuel cells.

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a variant of the bioelectrochemical system that uses microorganisms as biocatalysts to generate bioenergy by oxidizing organic matter. Due to its two-prong feature of simultaneously treating wastewater and generating electricity, it has drawn extensive interest by scientific communities around the world. However, the pollution purifying capacity and power production of MFC at the laboratory scale have tended to remain steady, and there have been no reports of a performance breakthrough.

Materials discovery of ion-selective membranes using artificial intelligence.

Significant attempts have been made to improve the production of ion-selective membranes (ISMs) with higher efficiency and lower prices, while the traditional methods have drawbacks of limitations, high cost of experiments, and time-consuming computations. One of the best approaches to remove the experimental limitations is artificial intelligence (AI). This review discusses the role of AI in materials discovery and ISMs engineering.

Influence of applied potential on treatment performance and clogging behaviour of hybrid constructed wetland-microbial electrochemical technologies.

A two-stage hybrid Constructed Wetland (CW) integrated with a microbial fuel cell (MFC), and microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) has been assessed for treatment performance and clogging assessment and further compared with CW. The CW-MEC was operated with applied potential to the working electrode and compared with the performance of naturally adapted redox potential of the CW-MFC system. A complex synthetic municipal wastewater was used during the study, which was composed of trace metals, organics, inorganics, and dye.

Interrelation between sulphur and conductive materials and its impact on ammonium and organic pollutants removal in electroactive wetlands.

This investigation is the first of its kind to evaluate the interrelation of sulphate (SO) with conductive materials as well as their individual and synergetic effects on the removal of ammonium and organic pollutants in electroactive wetlands, also known as constructed wetland (CW) - microbial fuel cell (MFC). The role of MFC components in CW was investigated to treat the sulphate containing wastewater under a long-term operation without any toxicity build-up in the system. A comparative study was also performed between CW-MFC and CW, where sulphate containing wastewater (S-replete) and without sulphate wastewater (S-deplete) was assessed.

A review on the contribution of electron flow in electroactive wetlands: Electricity generation and enhanced wastewater treatment.

In less than a decade, bioelectrochemical systems/microbial fuel cell integrated constructed wetlands (electroactive wetlands) have gained a considerable amount of attention due to enhanced wastewater treatment and electricity generation. The enhancement in treatment has majorly emanated from the electron transfer or flow, particularly in anaerobic regions. However, the chemistry associated with electron transfer is complex to understand in electroactive wetlands.

Enhanced chromium(VI) treatment in electroactive constructed wetlands: Influence of conductive material.

A constructed wetland (CW) microcosm based on conductive graphite gravel was investigated for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) treatment from synthetic wastewater. Its performance was evaluated and compared with a traditional gravel-based CW microcosm. The microcosms were operated at varying initial Cr(VI) concentrations (5-20 mg/L) and hydraulic retention times (HRT) (3-7.

Electrode dependent anaerobic ammonium oxidation in microbial fuel cell integrated hybrid constructed wetlands: A new process.

This study provides a new approach of electrode dependent anaerobic ammonium oxidation (electroanammox) in microbial fuel cell (MFC) integrated hybrid constructed wetlands (CWs). The study was carried out in three CWs, each with a horizontal flow (HF) followed by a vertical upflow (VUF). Two of the CWs were integrated with MFC, one was operated in closed circuit (CL) mode and the other in open circuit (OP) mode to determine the influence of electron transfer through an external electrical circuit.

Human Error Probability Assessment During Maintenance Activities of Marine Systems.

Background: Maintenance operations on-board ships are highly demanding. Maintenance operations are intensive activities requiring high man-machine interactions in challenging and evolving conditions. The evolving conditions are weather conditions, workplace temperature, ship motion, noise and vibration, and workload and stress.

An ecological risk assessment model for Arctic oil spills from a subsea pipeline.

There is significant risk associated with increased oil and gas exploration activities in the Arctic Ocean. This paper presents a probabilistic methodology for Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) of accidental oil spills in this region. A fugacity approach is adopted to model the fate and transport of released oil, taking into account the uncertainty of input variables.

Multi-level optimization of maintenance plan for natural gas system exposed to deterioration process.

In this paper, a risk-based optimization methodology for a maintenance schedule considering Process Variables (PVs), is developed within the framework of asset integrity assessment. To this end, an integration of Dynamic Bayesian Network, Damage Modelling and sensitivity analysis are implemented to clarify the behaviour of failure probability, considering the exogenous undisciplinable perturbations. Discrete time case is considered through measuring or observing the PVs.

On-board measurements of particle and gaseous emissions from a large cargo vessel at different operating conditions.

This study investigated particle and gaseous emission factors from a large cargo vessel for her whole voyage including at berth, manoeuvring and cruising. Quantification of these factors assists in minimising the uncertainty in the current methods of exhaust gas emission factor estimation. Engine performance and emissions from the main marine engine were measured on-board while the ship was manoeuvring and cruising at sea.

Performance assessment of aeration and radial oxygen loss assisted cathode based integrated constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell systems.

The present study explores low-cost cathode development possibility using radial oxygen loss (ROL) of Canna indica plants and intermittent aeration (IA) for wastewater treatment and electricity generation in constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC) system. Two CW-MFC microcosms were developed. Amongst them, one microcosm was planted with Canna indica plants for evaluating the ROL dependent cathode reaction (CW-MFC dependent on ROL) and another microcosm was equipped with intermittent aeration for evaluating the intermittent aeration dependent cathode reaction (CW-MFC with additional IA).

Effects of cold environments on human reliability assessment in offshore oil and gas facilities.

Objective: This paper proposes a new methodology that focuses on the effects of cold and harsh environments on the reliability of human performance.

Background: As maritime operations move into Arctic and Antarctic environments, decision makers must be able to recognize how cold weather affects human performance and subsequently adjusts management and operational tools and strategies.

Method: In the present work, a revised version of the Human Error Assessment and Reduction Technique (HEART) methodology has been developed to assess the effects of cold on the likelihood of human error in offshore oil and gas facilities.

Laboratory study of nitrification, denitrification and anammox processes in membrane bioreactors considering periodic aeration.

The possibility of using membrane bioreactors (MBRs) in simultaneous nitrification-anammox-denitrification (SNAD) by considering periodic aeration cycles was investigated. Two separate reactors were operated to investigate the effect of different anammox biomass in the presence of nitrifying and denitrifying biomass on the final nitrogen removal efficiency. The results illustrated that the reactor with higher anammox biomass was more robust to oxygen cycling.