Anti-influenza A Virus Effects and Mechanisms of Emodin and Its Analogs via Regulating PPAR/-AMPK-SIRT1 Pathway and Fatty Acid Metabolism.

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) /-adenosine 5'-monophosphate- (AMP-) activated protein kinase- (AMPK-) sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) pathway and fatty acid metabolism are reported to be involved in influenza A virus (IAV) replication and IAV-pneumonia. Through a cell-based peroxisome proliferator responsive element- (PPRE-) driven luciferase bioassay, we have investigated 145 examples of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). Several TCMs, such as , Baillon, and var.