Spatial and temporal characteristics of laboratory-induced swarms: Shape, structure, and flight kinematics.

Malaria mosquitoes mate in swarms, but how these swarms are formed and maintained remains poorly understood. We characterized three-dimensional spatiotemporal flight kinematics of males swarming at sunset above a ground marker. The location, shape, and volume of swarms were highly stereotypic, consistent over the complete swarming duration.

Mosquitoes integrate visual and acoustic cues to mediate conspecific interactions in swarms.

Male mosquitoes form aerial aggregations, known as swarms, to attract females and maximize their chances of finding a mate. Within these swarms, individuals must be able to recognize potential mates and navigate the social environment to successfully intercept a mating partner. Prior research has almost exclusively focused on the role of acoustic cues in mediating the male mosquito's ability to recognize and pursue females.

No sexual pheromones in Anopheles mosquitoes?

Swarming behavior is the cornerstone of the anopheline mating system. At dusk, males congregate in monospecific swarms in which females come to find a mate once in their lives. Although many Anopheles species coexist in sympatry, hybrids are infrequent, suggesting the existence of strong premating reproductive barriers.

Identification of Semiochemical Candidates Involved in Glossina Palpalis Gambiensis Larviposition Site Selection and Behavioural Responses of Adult Gravid Females.

Tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) are the cyclical vectors of human and animal trypanosomes. This viviparous insect develops and produces a single larva at 10-day intervals deposited in specific sites. In some species aggregation of larvae has been shown and seems to be mediated by both physical factors and volatile semiochemicals of larval origin.

Pancreatic Epithelial IL17/IL17RA Signaling Drives B7-H4 Expression to Promote Tumorigenesis.

IL17 is required for the initiation and progression of pancreatic cancer, particularly in the context of inflammation, as previously shown by genetic and pharmacological approaches. However, the cellular compartment and downstream molecular mediators of IL17-mediated pancreatic tumorigenesis have not been fully identified. This study examined the cellular compartment required by generating transgenic animals with IL17 receptor A (IL17RA), which was genetically deleted from either the pancreatic epithelial compartment or the hematopoietic compartment via generation of IL17RA-deficient (IL17-RA-/-) bone marrow chimeras, in the context of embryonically activated or inducible Kras.

Multisensory integration in mosquito swarms: The role of visual and acoustic information in mate tracking and collision avoidance.

Male mosquitoes form aerial aggregations, known as swarms, to attract females and maximize their chances of finding a mate. Within these swarms, individuals must be able to recognize potential mates and navigate the dynamic social environment to successfully intercept a mating partner. Prior research has almost exclusively focused on the role of acoustic cues in mediating the male mosquito's ability to recognize and pursue flying females.

Predictive role of hepatic venous pressure gradient in bleeding events among patients with cirrhosis undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation.

Background & Aims: Major bleeding events during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) are associated with poor outcomes. The proportion of this risk related to portal hypertension is unclear. Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) is the gold standard for estimating portal hypertension.

p53 dosage can impede KrasG12D- and KrasQ61R-mediated tumorigenesis.

Mice engineered with a G12D versus Q61R mutation in Kras exhibited differences in tumorigenesis. Namely, the incidence or grade of oral or forestomach squamous epithelial lesions was more prevalent in the KrasG12D background while hematolymphopoietic disease was more prevalent in the KrasQ61R background. Loss of the Trp53 gene encoding the tumor suppressor p53 enhances the ability of oncogenic Kras to initiate tumorigenesis in carcinogen and genetic models of lung cancer.

Gut epithelial Interleukin-17 receptor A signaling can modulate distant tumors growth through microbial regulation.

Microbes influence cancer initiation, progression and therapy responsiveness. IL-17 signaling contributes to gut barrier immunity by regulating microbes but also drives tumor growth. A knowledge gap remains regarding the influence of enteric IL-17-IL-17RA signaling and their microbial regulation on the behavior of distant tumors.

Herpes Simplex Virus Hepatitis in Patients Requiring Intensive Care Unit Admission: A Retrospective, Multicenter, Observational Study.

The clinical features and short-term prognosis of patients admitted to the intensive care unit for herpes hepatitis are lacking. Of 33 patients admitted between 2006 and 2022, 22 were immunocompromised, 4 were pregnant women, and 23 died. Sixteen patients developed a hemophagocytic syndrome.

Novel prognostic biomarkers in decompensated cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Patients with decompensated cirrhosis experience high mortality rates. Current prognostic scores, including the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD), may underperform in settings other than in those they were initially developed. Novel biomarkers have been proposed to improve prognostication accuracy and even to predict development of complications.

Autoimmune hepatitis recurrence after liver transplantation: "Les jeux sont faits".

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) may recur after liver transplantation (LT). The aims of this study were to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for recurrent autoimmune hepatitis (rAIH). A multicenter retrospective French nationwide study, including all patients aged ≥16 transplanted for AIH, with at least 1 liver biopsy 1 year after LT, was conducted between 1985 and 2018.

Osteoporosis and Fragility Fractures in Patients With Cirrhosis Evaluated for Liver Transplantation: Identification of High-Risk Patients Based on Computed Tomography at Evaluation.

Introduction: Osteoporosis in candidates for liver transplantation (LT) is often underdiagnosed despite the important consequences of morbidity.

Methods: We included 376 patients with cirrhosis evaluated for LT with available computed tomography (CT) scans. Prevalent vertebral fractures (VFs) were identified on CT reconstructions, and bone density was assessed by measuring CT attenuation of the L1 vertebra (L1-CT).

Refining Auxiliary Orthotopic Liver Transplantation (AOLT) Improves Outcomes in Adult Patients With Acute Liver Failure.

Objective: To investigate whether and how experience accumulation and technical refinements simultaneously implemented in auxiliary orthotopic liver transplantation (AOLT) may impact on outcomes.

Background: AOLT for acute liver failure (ALF) provides the unique chance of complete immunosuppression withdrawal after adequate native liver remnant regeneration but is a technically demanding procedure. Our department is a reference center for ALF and an early adopter of AOLT.

Case report: Stenosis turned leak … and turned stenosis-complications of paravalvular prosthetic leak closure with a plug device.

Background: Paravalvular leak is one of the most common complications and is among the most important prognostic factors of short- and long-term mortality after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Percutaneous valvular leak repair constitutes a first-line treatment for paravalvular leaks and is associated with high success rates and few serious complications nowadays. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case where placement of the device through the stenting of the bioprosthesis resulted in creating a new symptomatic stenosis that required surgery.

Meta-Analysis of the Prognostic Significance of Carotid Artery Stenosis in Patients Who Underwent Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation.

Stroke is a known complication of both transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and carotid artery stenosis (CAS). Whether CAS is a predictor of worse prognosis after TAVI is unclear. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the impact of CAS on the incidence of neurovascular complications and mortality after TAVI.

[Clinical and radiological differences between amoebic and pyogenic liver abscess: A case-control study].

Introduction: Amoebic liver abscess (ALA) is the fourth cause of mortality by parasitic infection. This study aimed to assess clinical, radiological and therapeutic characteristics of patients admitted for amoebic liver abscess compared to pyogenic abscess in a French digestive tertiary care-centre.

Material And Method: The charts of patients hospitalized for a liver abscess between 2010 and 2020 were retrospectively assessed then separated in two groups: amoebic liver abscess and pyogenic liver abscess from portal underlying cause.

CT Volumetry Can Be Used for Monitoring Liver Function Recovery in Auxiliary Partial Orthotopic Liver Transplantation.

Background: Scintigraphy with a 99m TC-trimethyl-Br-IDA tracer (TBIDA) is used to monitor liver function regeneration after auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation (APOLT) for acute liver failure (ALF). As computed tomography (CT) is also regularly performed during patient follow-up, CT volumetry could be used as an alternative to monitor native liver recovery after APOLT for ALF.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of all patients who underwent APOLT (October 2006-July 2019).

Evaluation of transcranial Doppler use in patients with acute liver failure listed for emergency liver transplantation.

Purpose: Acute liver failure (ALF) is characterized by hepatic encephalopathy (HE) often due to intracranial hypertension (ICH). The risk/benefit-balance of intraparenchymal pressure catheter monitoring is controversial during ALF.

Aims: Perform an evaluation of transcranial Doppler (TCD) use in patients with ALF listed for emergency liver transplantation.

Long-term outcome of liver transplantation for autoimmune hepatitis: A French nationwide study over 30 years.

Background & Aims: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a rare indication for liver transplantation (LT). The aims of this study were to evaluate long-term survival after LT for AIH and prognostic factors, especially the impact of recurrent AIH (rAIH).

Methods: A multicentre retrospective nationwide study including all patients aged ≥16 transplanted for AIH in France was conducted.

CD73-Dependent Adenosine Signaling through Adora2b Drives Immunosuppression in Ductal Pancreatic Cancer.

Unlabelled: The microenvironment that surrounds pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is profoundly desmoplastic and immunosuppressive. Understanding triggers of immunosuppression during the process of pancreatic tumorigenesis would aid in establishing targets for effective prevention and therapy. Here, we interrogated differential molecular mechanisms dependent on cell of origin and subtype that promote immunosuppression during PDAC initiation and in established tumors.

Neurovascular Outcomes in Relation With Carotid Artery Stenosis in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation.

Introduction: Data regarding the prevalence of carotid artery stenosis (CAS) in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) are scarce. Whether CAS, especially severe or bilateral, is a predictor of worse prognosis after TAVI is unknown. We aimed to address these questions.