Assessing the role of Piscine orthoreovirus in disease and the associated risk for wild Pacific salmon.

This paper is a response to Polinski, M. P. et al.

Correction: The effect of exposure to farmed salmon on piscine orthoreovirus infection and fitness in wild Pacific salmon in British Columbia, Canada.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Correction: The effect of exposure to farmed salmon on piscine orthoreovirus infection and fitness in wild Pacific salmon in British Columbia, Canada.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

The effect of exposure to farmed salmon on piscine orthoreovirus infection and fitness in wild Pacific salmon in British Columbia, Canada.

The disease Heart and Skeletal Muscle Inflammation (HSMI) is causing substantial economic losses to the Norwegian salmon farming industry where the causative agent, piscine orthoreovirus (PRV), is reportedly spreading from farmed to wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) with as yet undetermined impacts. To assess if PRV infection is epidemiologically linked between wild and farmed salmon in the eastern Pacific, wild Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus sp.) from regions designated as high or low exposure to salmon farms and farmed Atlantic salmon reared in British Columbia (BC) were tested for PRV.

Discovery of variant infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) of European genotype in British Columbia, Canada.

Background: Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) virus (ISAV) belongs to the genus Isavirus, family Orthomyxoviridae. ISAV occurs in two basic genotypes, North American and European. The European genotype is more widespread and shows greater genetic variation and greater virulence variation than the North American genotype.

Sea louse infection of juvenile sockeye salmon in relation to marine salmon farms on Canada's west coast.

Background: Pathogens are growing threats to wildlife. The rapid growth of marine salmon farms over the past two decades has increased host abundance for pathogenic sea lice in coastal waters, and wild juvenile salmon swimming past farms are frequently infected with lice. Here we report the first investigation of the potential role of salmon farms in transmitting sea lice to juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka).

Phytotoxicity of GF-120 NF Naturalyte fruit fly bait carrier on sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) foliage.

Background: Six sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars were tested with GF-120 with spinosad (0.2 g L(-1) spinosad bait) or without it (blank bait) to understand leaf phytotoxicity observed in the field.

Microbial communities in wetlands of the Athabasca oil sands: genetic and metabolic characterization.

Naphthenic acids are a complex family of naturally occurring cyclic and acyclic carboxylic acids that are present in the acidic fraction of petroleum. Naphthenic acids are acutely toxic to aquatic organisms. Previous studies showed that wetland sediments exposed to oil sands process water containing naphthenic acids had higher rates of naphthenic acid degradation in vitro compared with unexposed wetlands.

Relapsing polychondritis associated with monoclonal gammopathy in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome.

Relapsing polychondritis is a rare condition characterized by inflammation and subsequent degeneration of cartilages. Deformity of the pinna, nasal saddling and stridor due to involvement of the cartilages of the respiratory tract may lead to patients being referred to the otolaryngologist for initial assessment and further management. Recent observations have suggested that relapsing polychondritis may occur as a paraneoplastic phenomenon in cases of myelodysplasia.

Estimating the size of a transient population.

Migratory populations often stop over for short periods of time at predictable sites along their migration routes. These staging areas can be heavily used and are potentially critical to the survival of the migrants. This paper presents a method for estimating the number of individuals using such an area and their average residence time.

IgD myeloma with multiple cutaneous plasmacytomas.

Extramedullary cutaneous plasmacytoma is an uncommon observation in clinical practice. In most of the cases it is usually an extension of underlying medullary plasmacytoma. This case report describes a patient with IgD myeloma who went into plateau phase following standard intravenous chemotherapy.

Serum iron abnormalities in neuroleptic-induced akathisia in schizophrenic patients.

Twenty-two schizophrenic patients (DSM-III-R criteria) with clinically significant akathisia were matched with 22 schizophrenic patients without akathisia on the following variables: age, sex, diagnosis, duration of illness, and current treatment. Both groups were assessed using a variety of clinical rating scales and several parameters of serum iron status. The akathisic patients showed greater severity of clinical psychopathology, particularly positive symptoms, and an excess of extrapyramidal side-effects.

Bacterial calcification in infective endocarditis.

The present report is the first description to our knowledge of a clinical case of bacterial calcification in human infective endocarditic vegetations. Partial calcification of bacteria within vegetations may be a further mechanism of bacterial protection from host defences and antibiotics. Similar calcification has recently been reported in vegetations formed on porcine valvular prostheses implanted experimentally in sheep.

Inhibition of normal human granulopoiesis in vitro by amiloride: evidence for the involvement of facilitated sodium influx in the induction of differentiation.

The formation of colonies by normal human bone marrow granulopoietic progenitor cells in vitro in soft agar was inhibited in a simple, dose-dependent manner by amiloride (50% inhibitory concentration 26.4 +/- 3.4 microM, n = 9).

Niche metrics and diversity components.

Pielou's (1972) measures of niche width and overlap are related to ecological components of diversity. This relation is exploited to derive modified niche metrics with improved characteristics.

Salt marsh vegetation: Latitudinal gradients in the zonation patterns.

Zonation patterns of salt marsh vegetation were examined at latitudes ranging from 44°40'N at Halifax, Nova Scotia, to 58°50'N at Churchill, Manitoba. It was found that in all areas examined the landward boundaries of the species' zones were more nearly coincident (i.e.

Hodgkin's disease complicated by the nephrotic syndrome.

A 12-year-old boy with nodular sclerosis Hodgkin's disease demonstrated nephrotic syndrome. A renal biopsy studied with light microscopy, electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence showed minimal change glomerulonephritis and some foci of fluorescence with anti-IgM. A literature review revealed that 35 cases of Hodgkin's disease with nephrotic syndrome have been reported.