Assessment of small bowel ischemia in mechanical small bowel obstruction: Diagnostic value of bowel wall iodine concentration using dual-energy CT.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether dual-energy computed tomography (DECT), specifically by measuring bowel wall iodine concentration (BWIC), is superior to monoenergetic reconstructions (MR) for the diagnosis and staging of small bowel ischemia in patients with mechanical small bowel obstruction (SBO).

Materials And Methods: From November 2021 to December 2023, all patients with mechanical SBO who underwent contrast-enhanced DECT of the abdomen and pelvis were evaluated for inclusion. Demographic, clinical and biochemical data were collected.

Endogenous tPA levels: A biomarker for discriminating hemorrhagic stroke from ischemic stroke and stroke mimics.

Objective: Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability. Timely differentiation between ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and stroke mimics is critical for tailored treatment and triage. To accelerate the identification of stroke's subtype, we propose to use the levels of circulating tPA as a biomarker.

A case report of lactobacillus bacteremia in a patient on chronic parenteral nutrition.

Background And Aims: Short bowel syndrome is a malabsorption disorder typically caused by the physical loss of a portion of the intestine, whereafter the body is unable to adequately absorb nutrients, fluids, and electrolytes. Many patients with short bowel syndrome are reliant on home parenteral nutrition through a tunneled or peripherally inserted central catheter to ensure sufficient hydration and nutrition. Central venous catheters are a nidus for bacteria, and patients are at risk for infections associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality.

Synthesis of active cytokinins mediated by LONELY GUY is associated with cell production during early fruit growth in peach [ (L.) Batsch].

Early fruit growth in peach is characterized by cell production. Cytokinins have established roles in regulating cell division and may regulate cell production during early fruit growth. However, the role of active cytokinins and regulation of their metabolism are not well characterized in the peach fruit.

C-reactive protein and D-dimer in cerebral vein thrombosis: Relation to clinical and imaging characteristics as well as outcomes in a French cohort study.

Introduction: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare disease with highly variable clinical presentation and outcomes. Clinical studies suggest a role of inflammation and coagulation in CVST outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of inflammation and hypercoagulability biomarkers with CVST clinical manifestations and prognosis.

Testicular Relapse of Primary Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma of the Central Nervous System - a Rare Occurrence.

Among diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) subtypes, primary testicular lymphoma (PTL) has one of the highest risks of central nervous system (CNS) relapse. The converse, primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) relapse outside the CNS is rare. Molecular analysis has illustrated a genetic similarity between PTL and PCNSL.

Diagnosis and Management of Functional Pouch Disorders: A Systematic Review.

Background: Functional disorders impart significant morbidity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease who undergo restorative proctocolectomy.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to summarize the management strategies for various functional disorders of the pouch.

Data Sources: A database search of PubMed was conducted to identify relevant clinical studies assessing the management of various functional disorders in patients who underwent restorative proctocolectomy.

Preventive Care and Health Maintenance in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Health maintenance in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is essential. In order to achieve clinical and endoscopic remission, many patients will require treatment with steroids, immunomodulators, biologics or small molecules, which place them at a higher risk of serious infections as well as certain malignancies. Some of these adverse events are preventable through vaccination and adherence to cancer screening guidelines, making preventive care and health maintenance in this patient population crucial.

A Rare Case of Esophagitis Dissecans Superficialis Occurring with Barrett's Esophagus.

Esophagitis dissecans superficialis (EDS) is a rare but benign disease of the esophagus often identified endoscopically by sloughing of the superficial esophageal mucosa. We present an asymptomatic 66-year-old patient found to have EDS in the setting of Barrett's esophagus. The association of EDS with Barrett's esophagus has not been previously reported.

Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: Clinical, Radiological, Biological, and Etiological Characteristics of a French Prospective Cohort (FPCCVT)-Comparison With ISCVT Cohort.

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare disease with highly variable clinical presentation and outcome. Etiological assessment may be negative. The clinical and radiological presentation and evolution can be highly variable.

Thrombolysis by PLAT/tPA increases serum free IGF1 leading to a decrease of deleterious autophagy following brain ischemia.

Cerebral ischemia is a pathology involving a cascade of cellular mechanisms, leading to the deregulation of proteostasis, including macroautophagy/autophagy, and finally to neuronal death. If it is now accepted that cerebral ischemia induces autophagy, the effect of thrombolysis/energy recovery on proteostasis remains unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of thrombolysis by PLAT/tPA (plasminogen activator, tissue) on autophagy and neuronal death.

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among Internal Medicine Residents at a Major Academic Medicine Residency Program.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its associated disease (COVID-19) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality across the United States. Internal medicine (IM) residents are a critical component of the healthcare workforce yet their seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies is largely unknown. The aim of this research was to ascertain the seroprevalences of SARS-CoV-2 among internal medicine residents during the first peak of COVID-19.

Sulforaphane alters the acidification of the yeast vacuole.

Sulforaphane (SFN) is a compound [1-isothiocyanato-4-(methylsulfinyl)-butane] found in broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables that is currently of interest because of its potential as a chemopreventive and a chemotherapeutic drug. Recent studies in a diverse range of cellular and animal models have shown that SFN is involved in multiple intracellular pathways that regulate xenobiotic metabolism, inflammation, cell death, cell cycle progression, and epigenetic regulation. In order to better understand the mechanisms of action behind SFN-induced cell death, we undertook an unbiased genome wide screen with the yeast knockout (YKO) library to identify SFN sensitive (SFN) mutants.

Quantum tomography of electrical currents.

In quantum nanoelectronics, time-dependent electrical currents are built from few elementary excitations emitted with well-defined wavefunctions. However, despite the realization of sources generating quantized numbers of excitations, and despite the development of the theoretical framework of time-dependent quantum electronics, extracting electron and hole wavefunctions from electrical currents has so far remained out of reach, both at the theoretical and experimental levels. In this work, we demonstrate a quantum tomography protocol which extracts the generated electron and hole wavefunctions and their emission probabilities from any electrical current.

Proteostasis During Cerebral Ischemia.

Cerebral ischemia is a complex pathology involving a cascade of cellular mechanisms, which deregulate proteostasis and lead to neuronal death. Proteostasis refers to the equilibrium between protein synthesis, folding, transport, and protein degradation. Within the brain proteostasis plays key roles in learning and memory by controlling protein synthesis and degradation.

Optic neuritis, encephalitis and leptomeningeal enhancement in a patient with anti-MOG antibodies: A case study.

A subset of patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders are positive for myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies. These patients present with distinct clinical demyelinating syndrome often confused for multiple sclerosis. We describe the case of a patient who initially presented with 10-day history of right-sided retro-orbital headache worse with lateral gaze, photophobia, and subjective decreased visual acuity.

The role of plasminogen activators in stroke treatment: fibrinolysis and beyond.

Although recent technical advances in thrombectomy have revolutionised acute stroke treatment, prevalence of disability and death related to stroke remain high. Therefore, plasminogen activators-eukaryotic, bacterial, or engineered forms that can promote fibrinolysis by converting plasminogen into active plasmin and facilitate clot breakdown-are still commonly used in the acute treatment of ischaemic stroke. Hence, plasminogen activators have become a crucial area for clinical investigation for their ability to recanalise occluded arteries in ischaemic stroke and to accelerate haematoma clearance in haemorrhagic stroke.

Characterizing cancer cachexia in the geriatric oncology population.

Objectives: Cancer cachexia, characterized by weight loss and sarcopenia, leads to a decline in physical function and is associated with poorer survival. Cancer cachexia remains poorly described in older adults with cancer. This study aims to characterize cancer cachexia in older adults by assessing its prevalence utilizing standard definitions and evaluating associations with components of the geriatric assessment (GA) and survival.

The unfinished journey with modafinil and discovery of a novel population of modafinil-immunoreactive neurons.

Modafinil, a wake-promoting compound now used worldwide in sleep medicine, was initially regarded as a sedative compound because mice were so quiet with respect to locomotion after receiving it that this behavioral state was qualified as sedation. In the early 1980's when modafinil was first assessed by polysomnography in a cat in our laboratory, surprisingly, the cat spent the whole night awake without even one minute of sleep! This initial observation resulted subsequently in a series of basic and clinical studies in order to define the pharmacological profile of modafinil and its mode of action and, notably, to identify the brain targets by which modafinil acts to promote wakefulness. These studies were undertaken using pharmacologic approach coupled with the Cerveau isolé (brain transection) preparation, c-fos labelling and knockout mouse models.

Research priorities in cancer cachexia: The University of Rochester Cancer Center NCI Community Oncology Research Program Research Base Symposium on Cancer Cachexia and Sarcopenia.

Purpose Of Review: Cancer cachexia remains understudied and there are no standard treatments available despite the publication of an international consensus definition and the completion of several large phase III intervention trials in the past 6 years. In September 2015, The University of Rochester Cancer Center NCORP Research Base led a Symposium on Cancer Cachexia and Sarcopenia with goals of reviewing the state of the science, identifying knowledge gaps, and formulating research priorities in cancer cachexia through active discussion and consensus.

Recent Findings: Research priorities that emerged from the discussion included the implementation of morphometrics into clinical decision making, establishing specific diagnostic criteria for the stages of cachexia, expanding patient selection in intervention trials, identifying clinically meaningful trial endpoints, and the investigation of exercise as an intervention for cancer cachexia.

Activation of cell surface GRP78 decreases endoplasmic reticulum stress and neuronal death.

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) -related stress conserved pathway that aims to protect cells from being overwhelmed. However, when prolonged, UPR activation converts to a death signal, which relies on its PERK-eIF2α branch. Overactivation of the UPR has been implicated in many neurological diseases, including cerebral ischaemia.