[The shared educational assessment in the smoking cessation process].

In the context of smoking cessation, the shared educational assessment (BEP) enables us to assess the smoker's needs, define specific objectives and set up appropriate educational workshops. This multidisciplinary approach helps smokers to maintain their smoking cessation. The BEP is the first step in the educational process, exploring the various classic dimensions of therapeutic patient education (TPE) and then defining an action plan based on the priorities identified.

[Smoking cessation treatment for smokers with COPD: The importance of therapeutic education].

Smoking is a major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The diagnosis of tobacco addiction and management of tobacco dependence are part and parcel of COPD treatment, especially in respiratory rehabilitation. Management encompasses psychological support, validated treatments and therapeutic education.

Organizational readiness for artificial intelligence in health care: insights for decision-making and practice.

Purpose: Artificial intelligence (AI) raises many expectations regarding its ability to profoundly transform health care delivery. There is an abundant literature on the technical performance of AI applications in many clinical fields (e.g.

Practical guidelines on e-cigarettes for practitioners and others health professionals. A French 2016 expert's statement.

A group of 11 French medical experts has developed guidelines through a Delphi progressive consensus about smoking management at the e-cigarette era. The lack of scientific data about e-cigarettes led the experts to set out recommendations, mainly based on clinical practice while waiting for scientific validations. The validated smoking cessation treatments keep the first place in the prevention and the treatment of tobacco-induced damages.

[Diagnosis of legionellosis].

The majority of legionellosis are caused by Legionella pneumophila, especially serogroup 1, the only diagnosed by Legionella urinary antigen test. The diagnosis of other serogroups and other Legionella species is based on culture and seroconversion. Sever cases are more frequently observed in immunocompromised patients and in nosocomial pneumonias.

[A rare cause of asthma exacerbation: systemic anguilluliasis].

Strongyloides is an helminthic infection that may induce bronchospasm during systemic migration of larvae. We report a case of a 60 years old man originating from Caribbean who had corti-codependent asthma since 30 years. He was hospitalized for severe exacerbation that worsen when steroid dosage was increase.

[Nocardia respiratory infection in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease].

Pulmonary nocardiosis is a respiratory infection which is usually described in the immunocompromised. We report three cases in patients suffering from chronic airflow obstruction. In two cases there was a parenchymal disorder and in one case bronchial suppuration without involvement of the alveolar region.

[Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in 4 patients with acute decompensation of chronic respiratory insufficiency].

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (API) is a necrotising pneumonia generally occurring in profoundly immunodepressed subjects. These observations were based on four patients in the intensive care unit, suffering from chronic respiratory failure (IRC), without profound immunodepression. After a pathophysiological and clinical review, a focus on the diagnostic methods permits one to stress on the reliability, in this type of patient, of the evidence from direct examination of aspergillus filaments in the bronchoalveolar lavage (LBA) or protected bronchial brushings, taking account of the weak value of routine culture of spit or bronchial aspiration in IRC in whom patients are frequently colonised.

[Idiopathic subacute pulmonary eosinophilia].

We report a case of pneumonia with hypoxaemia and a swinging fever which was resistant to antibiotics, but was associated with a hypereosinophilia (44%) noted in the bronchoalveolar lavage. Investigations as to the cause of the eosinophilic pneumonia were negative; a lung biopsy confirmed the eosinophilic infiltration and the absence of any angiitis. There was a rapid and favourable clinical outcome following steroid therapy, which was maintained for three months.

Immunostimulant effects on granulocyte functions during an acute respiratory infection.

Treatment of healthy volunteers by Ribomunyl, whether or not in association with in vitro antibiotics (amoxicillin or josamycin), has been earlier demonstrated to be an efficient stimulant of PMN functions (adhesion and migration). This second double-blind study versus placebo was performed on 17 patients with acute respiratory infections (placebo group: eight subjects; Ribomunyl group: nine subjects). Ribomunyl treatment (four days) associated with antibiotherapy (amoxicillin) induced a significant increase of PMN adhesion (p = 0.

[In vitro activity of twenty antibiotics against Rhodococcus equi].

The in vitro susceptibility of nine Rhodococcus equi strains (seven isolates from immunocompromised patients mainly HIV positive and two reference strains) to twenty various antibiotics were assessed for bacteriostatic effects by an agar dilution method. Imipenem and ceftriaxone were the most effective of the beta-lactams studied. The lowest MIC were noted with vancomycin, teicoplanin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, rifampicin, gentamicin and doxycycline.

[Therapeutic modalities in pulmonary tuberculosis].

In 1990, specific antituberculous chemotherapy can cure almost 100 p. cent of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in France, provided practitioners follow strict therapeutic rules and patients' compliance with treatment is perfect. A single standard treatment is proposed for those patients whose tuberculosis has never previously been treated; it consists of a six months' course of isoniazid (5 mg/kg/day) and rifampicin (10 mg/kg/day); combined with ethambutol (20 mg/kg/day) and pyrazinamide (30 mg/kg/day) during the first two months.

[Community-acquired pneumonia].

Community-acquired pneumonia accounts for about 1 p. 100 of all lower respiratory infections, i.e.

[The value of Doppler echocardiography in the diagnosis of pulmonary artery hypertension in chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathies].

We report a study using Doppler echocardiography looking for pulmonary arterial hypertension (HTAP) in 36 patients presenting with chronic airflow obstruction (BPCO) who are in a stable state. 18 of these (group 1) had confirmed HTAP by right heart catheterisation which had been done the day before and was defined as a mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAPm) of greater than 20 mm of mercury. The other 18 patients (group 2) did not have HTAP at rest.