Seeking Care for Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms Among African Americans: Findings From the National Survey of American Life.

Although obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with clinically significant distress, many OCD patients do not seek treatment. Studies show that Black Americans with OCD are even less likely to obtain treatment due to differences in access. This study explored demographic and symptom outcomes associated with mental health service use for obsessions and compulsions among a nationally representative sample of African American adults (n = 3,570).

A New Scrupulosity Scale for the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DOCS): Validation With Clinical and Nonclinical Samples.

Scrupulous obsessions are a prominent presentation of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Previous conceptualizations of scrupulosity have indicated that it belongs to the unacceptable thoughts dimension, which pertains to sexual, violent, and religious obsessive themes. However, research suggests that scrupulous symptoms may differ from other unacceptable thoughts symptoms, necessitating the need for targeted and thorough assessment.

Disgust sensitivity mediates the link between homophobia and sexual orientation obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

Previous research has shown that intrusive thoughts in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) often focus on emotionally significant aspects of individuals' lives (e.g., values and beliefs).

Systematic review of natural and miscellaneous agents, for the management of oral mucositis in cancer patients and clinical practice guidelines - part 2: honey, herbal compounds, saliva stimulants, probiotics, and miscellaneous agents.

Objective: To update the clinical practice guidelines for the management of oral mucositis (OM) that were developed by the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer/International Society of Oral Oncology (MASCC/ISOO). This part focuses on honey, herbal compounds, saliva stimulants, probiotics, and miscellaneous agents.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted by the Mucositis Study Group of MASCC/ISOO.

Systematic review of antimicrobials, mucosal coating agents, anesthetics, and analgesics for the management of oral mucositis in cancer patients and clinical practice guidelines.

Purpose: To update the clinical practice guidelines for the use of antimicrobials, mucosal coating agents, anesthetics, and analgesics for the prevention and/or treatment of oral mucositis (OM).

Methods: A systematic review was conducted by the Mucositis Study Group of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer/International Society of Oral Oncology (MASCC/ISOO). The body of evidence for each intervention, in each cancer treatment setting, was assigned an evidence level.

Systematic review of oral cryotherapy for the management of oral mucositis in cancer patients and clinical practice guidelines.

Purpose: To update the 2013 Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer/International Society of Oral Oncology (MASCC/ISOO) clinical practice guidelines on oral cryotherapy for the management of oral mucositis (OM) caused by cancer therapies.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted by the Mucositis Study Group of MASCC/ISOO. The evidence for each intervention for specific cancer treatment modalities was assigned a level of evidence (LoE).

Systematic review of natural and miscellaneous agents for the management of oral mucositis in cancer patients and clinical practice guidelines-part 1: vitamins, minerals, and nutritional supplements.

Purpose: To update the clinical practice guidelines for the use of natural and miscellaneous agents for the prevention and/or treatment of oral mucositis (OM).

Methods: A systematic review was conducted by the Mucositis Study Group of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer / International Society of Oral Oncology (MASCC/ISOO). The body of evidence for each intervention, in each cancer treatment setting, was assigned an evidence level.

Impact of SMOFLipid on Pulmonary Alveolar Development in Newborn Guinea Pigs.

Background: Parenteral nutrition (PN) is associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants. In animals, PN leads to alveolar loss following stimulation of apoptosis by oxidative stress (oxidized redox potential). Peroxides and aldehydes generated in PN can induce hypo-alveolarization.

A systematic review of oral herpetic viral infections in cancer patients: commonly used outcome measures and interventions.

Purpose: To review the literature for outcome measures for oral viral infections in cancer patients. A secondary aim was to update the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer/International Society of Oral Oncology (MASCC/ISOO) clinical practice guidelines for the management of oral viral infections in cancer patients.

Methods: Databases were searched for articles published in the English language, 1981-2013.

Meta-analysis of cardiovascular toxicity risks in cancer patients on selected targeted agents.

Purpose: The purpose was to estimate the risk and severity of cardiovascular toxicities associated with selected targeted agents.

Methods: We searched English-language literature for randomized clinical trials published between January 1, 2000 and November 30, 2013 of targeted cancer therapy drugs approved by the FDA by November 2010. One hundred ten studies were eligible.

Ascorbylperoxide Contaminating Parenteral Nutrition Is Associated With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia or Death in Extremely Preterm Infants.

Background: Ascorbylperoxide (AscOOH) is a hydrogen peroxide-dependent by-product of ascorbic acid that contaminates parenteral nutrition. In a guinea pig model, it caused oxidized redox potential, increased apoptosis, and decreased alveolarization. AscOOH detoxification is carried out by glutathione peroxidase (GPX).

Impact of glutathione supplementation of parenteral nutrition on hepatic methionine adenosyltransferase activity.

Background: The oxidation of the methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) by the combined impact of peroxides contaminating parenteral nutrition (PN) and oxidized redox potential of glutathione is suspected to explain its inhibition observed in animals. A modification of MAT activity is suspected to be at origin of the PN-associated liver disease as observed in newborns. We hypothesized that the correction of redox potential of glutathione by adding glutathione in PN protects the MAT activity.

Oxygen and parenteral nutrition two main oxidants for extremely preterm infants: 'It all adds up'.

Objectives: To assess the effect of early exposure to O2 and parenteral nutrition (PN) on oxidative stress at 36 weeks post-menstrual age (PMA) and on bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in extremely preterm infants.

Study Design: A prospective observational study including 116 infants <29 weeks of gestation. Baseline clinical characteristics, FiO2 on day 7, duration of PN and clinical outcomes data were collected.

Adding glutathione to parenteral nutrition prevents alveolar loss in newborn Guinea pig.

Unlabelled: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, a main complication of prematurity, is characterized by an alveolar hypoplasia. Oxidative stress is suspected to be a trigger event in this population who has a low level of glutathione, a main endogenous antioxidant, and who receives high oxidative load, particularly ascorbylperoxide from their parenteral nutrition.

Hypothesis: the addition of glutathione (GSSG) in parenteral nutrition improves detoxification of ascorbylperoxide by glutathione peroxidase and therefore prevents exaggerated apoptosis and loss of alveoli.

Ascorbylperoxide from parenteral nutrition induces an increase of redox potential of glutathione and loss of alveoli in newborn guinea pig lungs.

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is one of the main complications associated with extreme prematurity. Oxidative stress is suspected to be a trigger event of this lung disease, which is characterized by impaired alveolar development. Peroxides, mainly ascorbylperoxide and H2O2, are known contaminant of parenteral nutrition.

Oral complications of Sjögren's syndrome.

Numerous oral manifestations associated with salivary gland dysfunction, and particularly Sjögren's syndrome, have been reported in the literature. This article discusses the evidence on a wide range of oral manifestations associated with Sjögren's syndrome.

Risk of oral and gastrointestinal mucosal injury among patients receiving selected targeted agents: a meta-analysis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to estimate the risk and severity of oral and gastrointestinal mucosal toxicities associated with selected targeted agents.

Methods: We searched the English-language literature in February 2011 for reports of randomized clinical trials comparing a FDA-approved targeted agent to a standard of care regimens. Long-term follow-up and secondary reports of trials were excluded, leaving 85 studies for analysis.

Total parenteral nutrition induces sustained hypomethylation of DNA in newborn guinea pigs.

Background: Neonatal total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is associated with animals with low glucose tolerance, body weight, and physical activity at adulthood. The early life origin of adult metabolic perturbations suggests a reprogramming of metabolism following epigenetic modifications induced by a change in the pattern of DNA expression. We hypothesized that peroxides contaminating TPN inhibit the activity of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT), leading to a modified DNA methylation state.

Inhibition of hepatic methionine adenosyltransferase by peroxides contaminating parenteral nutrition leads to a lower level of glutathione in newborn Guinea pigs.

Premature newborn infants on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) are at risk of oxidative stress because of peroxides contaminating TPN and low glutathione level. Low cysteine availability limits glutathione synthesis. In this population, the main source of cysteine derives from the hepatic conversion of methionine.

Influence of shielding TPN from photooxidation on the number of early blood transfusions in ELBW premature neonates.

Objectives: The smallest premature neonates often receive blood transfusions early in life. Nonrestrictive transfusion policies are linked to deleterious outcomes. Exposure of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) to ambient light generates oxidation products associated with haemolysis in vitro.

Hexapeptides from human milk prevent the induction of oxidative stress from parenteral nutrition in the newborn guinea pig.

Introduction: In preterm neonates, peroxides contaminating total parenteral nutrition (TPN) contribute to oxidative stress, which is suspected to be a strong inducer of hepatic complications related to prematurity. Recently, others reported that hexapeptides derived from human milk (HM) exerted free radical-scavenging activities in vitro. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the capacity of these hexapeptides to limit the generation of peroxides in TPN and to prevent TPN-induced hepatic oxidative stress.

The mode of administration of total parenteral nutrition and nature of lipid content influence the generation of peroxides and aldehydes.

Background & Aims: The absence of light protection of neonatal total parenteral nutrition (PN) contributes to the generation of 4-hydroxynonenal and peroxides. 4-Hydroxynonenal is suspected to be involved in PN-related liver complications.

Aims: To find a practical modality to reduce 4-hydroxynonenal in PN and assess in vivo the impact of PN containing low 4-hydroxynonenal concentration.

Swallowing dysfunction in cancer patients.

Purpose: Dysphagia (swallowing dysfunction) is a debilitating, depressing, and potentially life-threatening complication in cancer patients that is likely underreported. The present paper is aimed to review relevant dysphagia literature between 1990 and 2010 with a focus on assessment tools, prevalence, complications, and impact on quality of life in patients with a variety of different cancers, particularly in those treated with curative chemoradiation for head and neck cancer.

Methods: The literature search was limited to the English language and included both MEDLINE/PubMed and EMBASE.