Aggregation of oral bacteria by human salivary mucins in comparison to salivary and gastric mucins of animal origin.

Seventeen strains of oral bacteria of the genera Actinomyces (5), Bacteroides (3), and Streptococcus (9) were tested for aggregation by the human whole salivary mucin fraction (HWSM) in comparison to three types of animal mucin preparations from submandibular glands of cow (BSM) and sheep (OSM), and from the stomach of pig (PGM). Considerable variation was seen with respect to the rate and titer of aggregation induced by these mucins. The aggregating activity of HWSM varied widely among the different bacterial strains.

Involvement of human mucous saliva and salivary mucins in the aggregation of the oral bacteria Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus oralis, and Streptococcus rattus.

The contribution of human parotid (Par) and submandibular/sublingual (SM/SL) saliva and of the human whole salivary mucin fraction (HWSM) to saliva-induced bacterial aggregation was studied for S. sanguis C476, S. oralis I581, and S.

Aggregation of 27 oral bacteria by human whole saliva. Influence of culture medium, calcium, and bacterial cell concentration, and interference by autoaggregation.

Twenty-seven oral strains of the genera Actinomyces (5), Bacteroides (3), and Streptococcus (19) were tested for aggregation by human whole saliva, as well as the effect of culture medium, Ca-ions, and bacteria concentration thereupon. Of the media tested, GF-broth gave rise to less interference by autoaggregation or higher aggregation titers than BHI and TSB, and was used throughout this study. In most cases, Ca-ions (1 mM) only enhanced the rate of induced aggregation, whereas raising the bacteria concentration increased the rate of both induced- and autoaggregation.

Comparison of different assays for the aggregation of oral bacteria by human whole saliva.

For comparison, human whole saliva-induced aggregation was studied by phase-contrast microscopy, spectrophotometry combined with macroscopic observations, and in microtiterplate assay under identical experimental conditions for Actinomyces viscosus HG 85 (T14-V) and HG 380 (T14-AV), Bacteroides gingivalis HG 66 (W 83), Streptococcus rattus HG 59 (BHT), and Streptococcus sanguis I HG 169. The entire process of formation, extension, and sedimentation of aggregates could merely be observed by the combination of these assays. The very first stages of aggregation could only be detected and quantitated by phase-contrast microscopy.

Primary structure of O- and N-glycosylic carbohydrate chains derived from murine submandibular mucin (MSM).

The carbohydrate moiety of mouse submandibular mucin (MSM) contains mainly D-mannose and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose together with sialic acid, D-galactose, and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose. O-Glycosylically bound saccharides, obtained by treatment of MSM with alkaline borohydride, were shown by methylation analysis to have the structure: alpha-NeuAc-(2----3)-beta-Gal-(1----3)-GalNAc-ol. N-Glycosylically bound saccharides obtained from MSM by hydrazinolysis, and analysed by 500-MHz 1H-n.

Biochemical and immunochemical characteristics of the major protein of the murine parotid-granule membrane.

The membrane fraction (ParB) of the secretory granules of mouse parotid gland was isolated and characterized. The major phospholipids were phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin. The membranes contained one major protein, PMC, constituting at least 30 per cent of the total protein.

Study on membrane fragments released from the sublingual glands of the mouse during secretion in vitro and in vivo.

During in vitro secretion membrane fragments are released by the sublingual glands (SL) of the mouse. After stimulation of saliva with 1 microM carbamylcholine, these membranes have been isolated by centrifugation at 100,000 X g for 1 h. The release of 0.

Biochemical characteristics and protein composition of murine saliva evoked in vivo by receptor-selective agonists.

We have demonstrated that the proteins of mouse saliva secreted in vivo are dependent on the nature of the stimulus, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The electrophoretic pattern of salivary proteins obtained by stimulation with phenylephrine is different from that evoked by carbamylcholine or isoproterenol. The electrophoretic pattern of alpha-adrenergic saliva largely resembles that of the proteins secreted in vitro by male submandibular glands, indicating that these proteins are predominantly derived from the granular convoluted tubular cells of submandibular glands.

Immunochemical study and acinar localization of AM1, a murine submandibular glycoprotein with esterolytic activity.

Glycoprotein AM1, a glycoprotein from the submandibular glands of the mouse was isolated from the 100 000 X g tissue extract by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. An antiserum to purified glycoprotein AM1 was prepared, and its specificity was tested by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. Glycoprotein AM1 could be detected in large quantity only in the submandibular glands of the mouse and in very small amounts in the parotid and sublingual glands and in serum.

AM1, a glycoprotein from the submandibular glands of the mouse, has esterolytic and amidolytic activities.

The previously isolated female submandibular glycoprotein AM1 ( Nieuw Amerongen , A.V., Vreugdenhil , A.

Influence of autonomic agonists on the in vitro incorporation of [3H]leucine and N-acetyl[14C]mannosamine into submandibular action of the mouse.

The influence of isoproterenol and pilocarpine on the in vitro incorporation of [3H]leucine and N-acetyl[14C]mannosamine into the proteins of the submandibular glands of the mouse has been investigated during a 10 h period. The total uptake of both labelled precursors into the glands was hardly affected by isoproterenol and pilocarpine during the first 2 h of incubation, thereafter both agonists decreased the uptake slightly. The incorporation of [3H]leucine into secreted proteins was largely similar for the control, isoproterenol and pilocarpine during an incubation of 10 h.

Localization of amylase and mucins in the major salivary glands of the mouse.

Antibodies against murine submandibular and sublingual mucins have been raised in rabbits. Both antisera appeared to be specific. Using these antibodies, the mucins were localized in the acinar cells of the submandibular and sublingual glands respectively.

Secretory granules of murine salivary glands. A morphological, biochemical and morphological, biochemical and immunochemical study of submandibular and parotid granules.

Two secretory granular fractions from murine submandibular glands (SM) and one fraction from murine parotid glands (Par) were isolated by centrifugation on two discontinuous sucrose gradients. From the parotid glands the granular fraction was layered on 1.9 M sucrose (ParB), and in addition a second fraction was layered on 2.

Influence of isoproterenol on the incorporation in vitro of [3H]-leucine and n-acetyl-[14C]-mannosamine into proteins and glycoproteins of the parotid glands of the mouse.

The in-vitro incorporation of [3H]-Leu in murine parotid glands started rapidly and continued during the whole incubation period of 10 h and was not stimulated significantly by isoproterenol, except during the first half hour. Secretion of [3H]-Leu incorporated was already observed after 30 min and continued up to 10 h. Isoproterenol stimulated the secretion of 3H-labelled protein during the whole period, but maximally after 4 h.

Cyclic AMP in the sublingual glands of the mouse.

1. The cyclic AMP levels in the sublingual glands of the mouse has been determined in relation to mucin secretion under the influence of several agonists in vivo and in vitro. 2.

Morphological changes in the salivary glands upon stimulation by receptor-selective agonists. I. Parotid glands of the mouse.

The innervation of the parotid glands of the mouse by the autonomic nervous system and the influence of receptor-selective mimetics of the neurotransmitter substances on these glands have been studied with histological techniques. The receptor-selective agonists were administered either via an intraperitoneal injection or via perfusion of the glands, followed by a rapid perfusion-fixation. The acinar cells were surrounded by both an adrenergic and a cholinergic plexus.

Morphological changes in the salivary glands upon stimulation by receptor-selective agonists. III. Sublingual glands of the mouse.

The innervation of the sublingual glands of the mouse by the atuonomic nervous system and the influence of receptor-selective mimetics of the neurotransmitter substances on these glands have been studied with histological techniques and have been compared with results of in vitro secretory experiments. The mimetics were administered either via an intraperitoneal injection or via the perfused blood vessels. The sublingual glands were predominantly innervated by the cholinergic nervous system.