Thioredoxin-1 and its mimetic peptide improve systolic cardiac function and remodeling after myocardial infarction.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is characterized by a significant loss of cardiomyocytes (CMs), and it is suggested that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in cell cycle arrest, leading to impaired CM renewal. Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) scavenges ROS and may play a role in restoring CM renewal. However, the truncated form of Trx-1, Trx-80, can compromise its efficacy by exerting antagonistic effects.

Circadian rhythmicity of the thioredoxin system in cultured murine peritoneal macrophages.

Macrophages play a pivotal role in atherosclerosis through a variety of events related to cellular oxidative stress. This process is mainly due to an excessive production of reactive oxygen species whose elimination occurs through antioxidant systems including the thioredoxin (Trx) system. In this paper, we investigated whether the Trx system would exhibit circadian rhythmicity in dexamethasone synchronized cultured macrophages and monitored the impact of the rhythmicity of Trx-1 on markers of atherosclerosis.

Anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant effects of polyphenol-rich extracts from Thymus atlanticus: An in vitro and in vivo study.

Ethnopharmacological Evidence: Thymus atlanticus (TA) is used in traditional medicine in Morocco to treat chronic inflammatory diseases, after local and oral treatment.

Aim Of Study: This study aimed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant activities of an aqueous extract (AE) and polyphenol fraction (PF) derived from TA.

Materials And Methods: The effect of AE and PF on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) production by naïve and LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages isolated from C57Bl/6 mice was assessed by ELISA assay.

The effectiveness of the choice of criteria on the stationary and non-stationary noise removal in the phonocardiogram (PCG) signal using discrete wavelet transform.

The greatest problem with recording heart sounds is parasitic noise effects. A reasonable solution to reduce noise can be carried out by minimization of extraneous noises in the vicinity of the patient during recording, in addition to the methods of signal processing that must be effective in noisy environments. Wavelet transform has become an essential tool for many applications, but its effectiveness is influenced by main parameters.

A thioredoxin-mimetic peptide exerts potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and atheroprotective effects in ApoE2.Ki mice fed high fat diet.

Aims: Oxidative stress and inflammation play a pathogenic role in atherosclerosis. Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) is an anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory protein with atheroprotective effects. However, in vivo cleavage of Trx-1 generates a truncated pro-inflammatory protein, Trx-80, which compromises the therapeutic use of Trx-1.

Optimal level and order detection in wavelet decomposition for PCG signal denoising.

The recorded phonocardiogram (PCG) signal is often contaminated by different types of noises that can be seen in the frequency band of the PCG signal, which may change the characteristics of this signal. Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) has become one of the most important and powerful tools of signal representation, but its effectiveness is influenced by the issue of the selected mother wavelet and decomposition level (DL). The selection of the DL and the mother wavelet are the main challenges.

The Oxygen Paradox, the French Paradox, and age-related diseases.

A paradox is a seemingly absurd or impossible concept, proposition, or theory that is often difficult to understand or explain, sometimes apparently self-contradictory, and yet ultimately correct or true. How is it possible, for example, that oxygen "a toxic environmental poison" could be also indispensable for life (Beckman and Ames Physiol Rev 78(2):547-81, 1998; Stadtman and Berlett Chem Res Toxicol 10(5):485-94, 1997)?: the so-called Oxygen Paradox (Davies and Ursini 1995; Davies Biochem Soc Symp 61:1-31, 1995). How can French people apparently disregard the rule that high dietary intakes of cholesterol and saturated fats (e.

Human Plasma Thioredoxin-80 Increases With Age and in ApoE Mice Induces Inflammation, Angiogenesis, and Atherosclerosis.

Background: Thioredoxin (TRX)-1, a ubiquitous 12-kDa protein, exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In contrast, the truncated form, called TRX80, produced by macrophages induces upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. TRX80 also promotes the differentiation of mouse peritoneal and human macrophages toward a proinflammatory M1 phenotype.

Effects of ethnicity on the relationship between vertical jump and maximal power on a cycle ergometer.

The aim of this study was to verify the impact of ethnicity on the maximal power-vertical jump relationship. Thirty-one healthy males, sixteen Caucasian (age: 26.3 ± 3.

Inhibition of the Inflammasome NLRP3 by Arglabin Attenuates Inflammation, Protects Pancreatic β-Cells from Apoptosis, and Prevents Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Development in ApoE2Ki Mice on a Chronic High-Fat Diet.

Intraperitoneal injection of arglabin (2.5 ng/g of body weight, twice daily, 13 weeks) into female human apolipoprotein E2 gene knock-in (ApoE2Ki) mice fed a high-fat Western-type diet (HFD) reduced plasma levels of glucose and insulin by ∼20.0% ± 3.

Reliability of Force-Velocity Tests in Cycling and Cranking Exercises in Men and Women.

The present study examined the reliability of the force-velocity relationship during cycling and arm cranking exercises in active males and females. Twenty male and seventeen female physical education students performed three-session tests with legs and three-session tests with arms on a friction-loaded ergometer on six different sessions in a randomized order. The reliability of maximal power (Pmax), maximal pedal rate (V 0), and maximal force (F0) were studied using the coefficient of variation (CV), the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the test-retest correlation coefficient (r).

Influence of Affective Stimuli on Leg Power Output and Associated Neuromuscular Parameters during Repeated High Intensity Cycling Exercises.

The aim of this study was to examine the impact of emotional eliciting pictures on neuromuscular performance during repetitive supramaximal cycling exercises (RSE). In a randomized order, twelve male participants were asked to perform five 6-s cycle sprints (interspaced by 24 s of recovery) on a cycle ergometer in front of neutral, pleasant or unpleasant pictures. During each RSE, mean power output (MPO) and electromyographic activity [root mean square (RMS) and median frequency (MF)] of the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis muscles were analyzed.

AMPK Signaling Involvement for the Repression of the IL-1β-Induced Group IIA Secretory Phospholipase A2 Expression in VSMCs.

Secretory Phospholipase A2 of type IIA (sPLA2 IIA) plays a crucial role in the production of lipid mediators by amplifying the neointimal inflammatory context of the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), especially during atherogenesis. Phenformin, a biguanide family member, by its anti-inflammatory properties presents potential for promoting beneficial effects upon vascular cells, however its impact upon the IL-1β-induced sPLA2 gene expression has not been deeply investigated so far. The present study was designed to determine the relationship between phenformin coupling AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) function and the molecular mechanism by which the sPLA2 IIA expression was modulated in VSMCs.

A Comparative Study Between the Wingate and Force-Velocity Anaerobic Cycling Tests: Effect of Physical Fitness.

Purpose: To verify the hypothesis that the peak power (PP) of a Wingate test (WT) is an underestimation of maximal power (P(max)) computed from the force-velocity test (FVT), to examine possible fatigue effect on P(max), and to investigate the effect of load on mean power (MP) and fatigue index (FI) during a WT in trained and recreational men.

Methods: Ten recreational (22.9 ± 1.

Musculotendinous stiffness of triceps surae, maximal rate of force development, and vertical jump performance.

The relationships between ankle plantar flexor musculotendinous stiffness (MTS) and performance in a countermovement vertical jump (CMJ) and maximal rate of torque development (MRTD) were studied in 27 active men. MTS was studied by means of quick releases at 20 (S0.2), 40 (S0.

NLRP3 inflammasome: from a danger signal sensor to a regulatory node of oxidative stress and inflammatory diseases.

IL-1β production is critically regulated by cytosolic molecular complexes, termed inflammasomes. Different inflammasome complexes have been described to date. While all inflammasomes recognize certain pathogens, it is the distinctive feature of NLRP3 inflammasome to be activated by many and diverse stimuli making NLRP3 the most versatile, and importantly also the most clinically implicated inflammasome.

Anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic effects of the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor arglabin in ApoE2.Ki mice fed a high-fat diet.

Background: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of arglabin on the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition and atherosclerotic lesion in ApoE2Ki mice fed a high-fat Western-type diet.

Methods And Results: Arglabin was purified, and its chemical identity was confirmed by mass spectrometry. It inhibited, in a concentration-dependent manner, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, but not IL-6 and IL-12, production in lipopolysaccharide and cholesterol crystal-activated cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages, with a maximum effect at ≈50 nmol/L and EC50 values for both cytokines of ≈ 10 nmol/L.

Assessment of isokinetic knee strength in elite young female basketball players: correlation with vertical jump.

Aim: To explore the isokinetic concentric strength of the knee muscle groups, and the relationship between the isokinetic knee extensors strength and the vertical jump performance in young elite female basketball players.

Methods: Eighteen elite female basketball players performed a countermovement jump, and an isokinetic knee test using a Biodex dynamometer. The maximal isokinetic peak torque of the knee extensor and flexor muscles was recorded at four angular velocities (90°/s, 180°/s, 240°/s and 300°/s) for the dominant and non-dominant legs.

PCSK9 polymorphism in a Tunisian cohort: identification of a new allele, L8, and association of allele L10 with reduced coronary heart disease risk.

The c.61_63dupCTG (L10) allele of rs72555377 polymorphism in PCSK9 has been reported to be associated with low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and with a decreased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). We investigated the effect of two known alleles for rs72555377, L10 and L11, on the risk of CAD in a Tunisian cohort (218 patients diagnosed by angiography and 125 control subjects).

Relationship between vertical jump and maximal power output of legs and arms: effects of ethnicity and sport.

The hypothesis that ethnicity and sport practice influence the relationship between maximal power in cycling (P(max)) and countermovement jump (CMJ) has been studied by relating CMJ and P(max) in two groups (volleyball players, VB, and physical education students, PES) including subjects with Caucasian (67 C) or West African (39 WA) origins. Maximal power of the arms (P(max) Arms) was also measured. A two-way analysis of variance (groups × ethnicity) showed significant effects of both factors upon CMJ, which was higher in WA and VB, P = 0.

Effects of load on wingate test performances and reliability.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 2 braking forces (8.7 and 11% of body mass, BM) on Wingate test performance, peak lactate ([La]pk), peak heart rate (HRpk), and rate of perceived exertion (RPE). Sixteen male physical education students (age: 22.

Effect of the PPARγ C161T gene variant on serum lipids in ischemic stroke patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated transcription factor involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism, diabetes, obesity, atherogenesis and inflammation. PPARγ genetic variation has been associated with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to explore, for the first time, the relationship between PPARγ C161T polymorphism and the risk of ischemic stroke (IS) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Emotional pictures impact repetitive sprint ability test on cycle ergometre.

This study investigated the interaction between emotion-eliciting pictures and power output during a repetitive supra-maximal task on a cycle ergometre. Twelve male participants (mean (±SD) age, height and weight: 28.58 ± 3.